CH 11-19

Among Robert Peck's three developmental tasks, _________means preparing in some way to go beyond the physical limitations of one's own life span. ​ · a. ego transcendence · b. ego disengagement · c. ego differentiation · d. ego preoccupation

a. ego transcendence

To prepare her students for an examination, a teacher made them recite the names of all the continents thrice before beginning her lessons every day. At the end of three weeks of this exercise, every student could recollect the names of continents. This example demonstrates the concept of: · a. implicit memory. · b. haptic memory. · c. explicit memory. · d. episodic memory.

a. implicit memory.

Erik Erikson used the term _________to refer to the aspect of psychological development that involves experimentation with different roles, values, beliefs, and relationships. ​ · a. psychological moratorium · b. role diffusion · c. identity achievement · d. psychological transcendence

a. psychological moratorium

Lee, an experienced doctor, discovers that he recalls most of his medical training. However, he fails to remember the Italian that he learnt when he was a student abroad. In the context of cognitive development, the differences in Lee's abilities illustrate the principle of: :a. multidirectionality. b. plasticity. c. transitivity. d. interindividual variability

a. multidirectionality.

Sleep problems in late adulthood may involve physical changes that bring discomfort. · True · False

:True

According to Kohlberg, the _____ is a period during which moral judgments are derived from moral principles and people look to themselves to set moral standards. · a. postconventional level · b. transcendental level · c. preconventional level · d. conventional level

a. postconventional level

According to the data accumulated by the National Center for Health Statistics, the leading cause of death for late teenagers and early adults in the United States was clearly cancer. · True · False

False

Cataracts, glaucoma, and hearing loss are usually problems of early adulthood. True False

False

Crystallized intelligence declines with age. · True · False Rationale:

False

Drugs are the most reliable ways to ease the discomforts of older adults. · True · False

False

During adolescence, boys tend to have one or two close friends, whereas girls tend to congregate in larger, less intimate groups. · True ·False

False

Girls are much more likely than boys to engage in delinquent behavior. · True · False

False

In middle childhood, preconventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of rewards and punishments. · True · False

False

In monogamy, a person has more than one spouse and is permitted sexual access to each of them. · True · False

False

Latency is a stage of development characterized by reaching sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce · True .False

False

People who score high on the neuroticism scale of the five-factor model of personality tend to be insensitive to negative stimuli. True False

False

Substance abuse is the leading cause of death in the United States for adolescents. ·True .False

False

The three major causes of death of Americans age 65 and older are polio, arthritis, and diabetes. · True · False

False

Unlike professional activities, leisure activities contribute little to the self-acceptance of retirees. · True · False

False

With aging, the tissues in our body become more capable of taking up glucose from the bloodstream. True False

False

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fantasy stage of Donald Super's career development theory? .a. In this stage, people show little regard for the fit between their career choices and their abilities. · b. In this stage, glamour has little to do with the career chosen by people. · c. In this stage, a person takes the final decision of his or her career. · d. In this stage, interest and values are considered the most critical reasons to choose a career. Rationale:

In this stage, people show little regard for the fit between their career choices and their abilities.

According to Sternberg, liking someone is associated with intimacy alone, without passion or long-term commitment. · True · False

True

In early adolescence, most teenagers tend to be either in identity diffusion or foreclosure statuses. · True · False

True

Most young adults are careless about their health during early adulthood. · True · False

True

People whose diets are rich in antioxidants may be less likely to develop heart disease. · True · False

True

Sexual dysfunctions are persistent or recurrent problems in becoming sexually aroused or reaching orgasm. True False

True

n middle adulthood, the number of friends tends to dwindle, and couples and individuals tend to place more value on the friends they keep. True False

True

Alyssa experiences the following symptoms during the week before her period and ending within a few days after the period begins: irritability and anger, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, changes in appetite, sleeping too little, feeling overwhelmed, and physical discomfort. Alyssa is most likely suffering from: · a. premenstrual dysphoric disorder. · b. nongonococcal urethritis. · c. chlamydia. · d. amenorrhea.

a. premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Firearms account for 80% of homicides and nearly _________of suicides. ​ · :a. 50% · b. 70% · c. 25% · d. 30%

a. 50%

Which of the following is an example of an event that is most likely to trigger the midlife crisis? a. A child leaving home for college b. The wedding of a child c. The birth of a grandchild d. Relocation due to work

a. A child leaving home for college

_____ is the fear of open, crowded places. a. Agoraphobia · b. Acarophobia · c. Acerophobia · d. Agraphobia

a. Agoraphobia

Which of the following is an example of the personal fable? · a. Darren, a 15-year-old, is a chain smoker and feels invulnerable to the harmful effects of nicotine. · b. Oscar, a 13-year-old, believes that others are constantly watching and paying attention to him. · c. Jack, a 14-year-old, believes in magic, mythical creatures, and the supernatural. · d. Renato, a 14-year-old, is worried that he will die because he smoked a pack of cigarette.

a. Darren, a 15-year-old, is a chain smoker and feels invulnerable to the harmful effects of nicotine.

Which of the following is true of physical changes in late adulthood that affect sexual behavior of individuals? · a. Erections tend to become less firm for older men. · b. The vaginal opening in women tends to expand. · c. Older men ejaculate more easily as they age. d. Nocturnal erections disappear altogether for older men

a. Erections tend to become less firm for older men.

Which of the following is a developmental task of middle adulthood identified by Havighurst? a. Establishing a deeper relationship with one's life partner b. Providing monetary support to children in their late adulthood c. Preparing for retired life by saving money d. Keeping one's performance at work at above satisfactory levels

a. Establishing a deeper relationship with one's life partner

_________entails integrating one's own values and beliefs with those of one's parents and one's society. ​ · Sa. Individuation · b. Commitment · c. Necessitation · d. Reciprocity

a. Individuation

Which of the following stages of development is characterized by reaching sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce? ·a. Puberty · b. Latency · c. Concrete operations · d. Formal operations

a. Puberty

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following factors can lead to stagnation among middle-aged adults? a. Rejection or suppression of the natural drive toward procreativity b. Rejection or suppression of the natural instinct to achieve job satisfaction c. Rejection or suppression of the natural drive to travel and explore d. Rejection or suppression of the natural drive toward homosexual behavior

a. Rejection or suppression of the natural drive toward procreativity

Which of the following is a difference between primary sex characteristics and secondary sex characteristics? a. The primary sex characteristics are structures that make reproduction possible, while the secondary sex characteristics are not directly involved in reproduction · b. The primary sex characteristics are physical indicators of sexual maturation, while the secondary sex characteristics trigger the development of sex hormones. · c. The primary sex characteristics respond to pituitary hormones, while the secondary sex characteristics do not respond to pituitary hormones. · d. The primary sex characteristics include breast development, while the secondary sex characteristics include the ovaries and testes.

a. The primary sex characteristics are structures that make reproduction possible, while the secondary sex characteristics are not directly involved in reproduction.

Today, single people: · a. are less likely to be perceived as socially inadequate. · b. encounter more social stigma as compared to the past. · c. have the same sexual interests and lifestyles as those who are not single. · d. are happy as they receive more benefits from the government.

a. are less likely to be perceived as socially inadequate.

In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, _________is a stable investment in one's goals, values, or beliefs. • a. commitment • b. diffusion • c. exploration • d. foreclosure

a. commitment

As early adulthood progresses, fertility: · a. remains stable for men and increases for women. · Selected:b. declines gradually for both men and women. · c. increases for both men and women. · d. declines for women, but not for men.

a. remains stable for men and increases for women. · Selected:b. declines gradually for both men and women.

Mature learners are more likely to: a. resent their subordinate status in a teacher-student relationship. b. share their thoughts and perspectives with the class. c. find a subject matter disinteresting and worthless. d. think that they are up to date on their ideas and views.

a. resent their subordinate status in a teacher-student relationship.

he generativity versus stagnation stage is the _________stage of Erikson's psychosocial development. ​ a. seventh b. first c. second d. fifth

a. seventh

For legal purposes, _________in the workplace is usually defined as deliberate or repeated unwanted comments, gestures, or physical contact. ​ · a. sexual harassment · b. sexism · c. substance abuse · d. rape

a. sexual harassment

Peers exhibit higher influence on adolescents than parents in matters pertaining to _____. · a. speech patterns. · b. religious beliefs · c. moral values · d. educational goals

a. speech patterns

Which of the following factors is a part of the five-factor personality theory? a. Extraversion b. Identity certainty c. Generativity d. Personal distress

a.Extraversion

Today, the average American newborn female can expect to live about _____ years. · a. 45 · b. 82 · c. 102 · d. 125 Rationale:

b. 82

In the context of the development of identity in humans, which of the following is an assumption made by Erik Erikson? · a. Erik Erikson assumed that men, unlike women, were less concerned with ideological matters during adolescence. b. Erik Erikson assumed that relationships were more important to women's development of identity than occupational matters. · c. Erik Erikson assumed that a woman's relationships with her peers did not play a role in her identity development. · d. Erik Erikson assumed that women were more likely than men to reject the minority culture for the dominant culture.

b. Erik Erikson assumed that relationships were more important to women's development of identity than occupational matters.

Which of the following is true of exercise? · a. Exercise is unlikely to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in early adulthood. b. Exercise can substantially reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. · c. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, adults 18 and older need at least 60 minutes of vigorous physical activity seven days a week. · d. Exercise helps improve physical health but does not benefit the brain and cognitive performance.

b. Exercise can substantially reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes

In the context of adolescent egocentrism, which of the following is true of the concept of the imaginary audience? · a. It involves risky behavior where adolescents form online relationships with strangers. · b. It involves the assumption that other people are concerned with one's appearance more so than they really are. · c. It involves the belief that one's thoughts are unique and special. · d. It involves an intense desire to be in the public eye and a disregard for personal appearance.

b. It involves the assumption that other people are concerned with one's appearance more so than they really are

Which of the following best describes gay marriage? · a. It is the marriage between two persons, but they also have sexual access to other people. · b. It is the marriage between two people of the same gender. · c. It is the marriage in which a person has more than one spouse. · d. It is the marriage in which two people live together for a certain period of time before tying the knot.

b. It is the marriage between two people of the same gender.This answer is correct.

Which of the following statements is true of activity theory? · a. It suggests that physical and social activities in late adulthood are likely to hasten physical and cognitive impairment of older adults. · b. It places many of the barriers to physical and social activities of older adults in social attitudes and in structural matters. · c. It suggests withdrawal from society as an effective means to handle the challenges of successful aging. · d. It is based on the belief that physical activity is associated with a higher mortality rate in late adulthood.

b. It places many of the barriers to physical and social activities of older adults in social attitudes and in structural matters.

Which of the following is true of empty love? · a. It has both passion and commitment but lacks intimacy. ·b. It refers to the commitment to remain together without intimacy or passion. · c. It has both passion and intimacy but lacks commitment. · d. It is associated with whirlwind courtships that burn brightly but briefly. Rationale:

b. It refers to the commitment to remain together without intimacy or passion.

Which of the following best describes the boomerang generation? · a. It refers to young adults who reject the traditional norms and values of their parents in order to establish a new social order. · b. It refers to young adults who return home to live with parents for financial reasons even after graduating college. · c. It refers to young adults who venture out on their own after graduating college. · d. It refers to young adults who were born right after the Second World War.

b. It refers to young adults who return home to live with parents for financial reasons even after graduating college.

_________can lead to loss of feelings of affection, feelings of insecurity and rejection, anxiety, loss of self-esteem, and feelings of mistrust. ​ · a. Reciprocity · b. Jealousy · c. Passion · d. Attraction

b. Jealousy

Which of the following is a difference between love and friendship? · a. Love can lead to a loss of self-esteem, whereas friendship can lead to an increase in self-esteem. · b. Love can refer to states of passion or infatuation, whereas friendship is based on shared interests, liking, and respect. c. Love is limited to feelings of affection, whereas friendship includes much more than affection. · d. Love is related to states of decreasing sexual arousal, whereas friendship is related to states of increasing sexual arousal.

b. Love can refer to states of passion or infatuation, whereas friendship is based on shared interests, liking, and respect.

Which of the following individuals has a homosexual orientation? · a. Alex, a boy who likes girls but is scared to ask one out · b. Michael, a young male who has been dating another male for three years · c. Laura, a girl who has never been out on a date with the boy she likes · d. Barbara, a young female who has sexual relationships with both males and females

b. Michael, a young male who has been dating another male for three years

Which of the following is best described as a kind of motor memory of how to do things? a. Episodic memory b. Procedural memory c. Sensory memory d. Semantic memory

b. Procedural memory

_____ is an intrinsic motive for working. · a. Future security · b. Talent development · c. Money · d. Insurance

b. Talent development

Question 2 Age-related decline in reading comprehension is related to: · a. a distortion or decay of long-term memory. b. a decrease in the scope of working memory. · c. an increase in the processing speed. · d. an increase in the associative ability and associative memory.

b. a decrease in the scope of working memory.

Older gay men and lesbians in long-term relationships tend to: · a. have lower self-esteem. · b. be less depressed. · c. be less likely to cohabit. · d. engage in more alcohol and drug abuse. Rationale:

b. be less depressed

The medial temporal lobe is responsible for: · a. managing automatic functions, such as reflexes like breathing. · b. binding elements to form memory traces. · c. organizing information and strategic processes. · d. directing one's attention.

b. binding elements to form memory traces.

Steve, a 68-year-old man, quit his medical practice two years ago when he realized his work schedule was taking a toll on his health. He now occasionally lectures in colleges and spends most of his time volunteering at the local church. This example illustrates the concept of _____. · a. mutual withdrawal ·b. ego differentiation versus work-role preoccupation · c. ego preoccupation versus body preoccupation · d. disengagement

b. ego differentiation versus work-role preoccupation

In Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, the primary task for adolescents is to develop: · a. ego differentiation. · b. ego identity. · c. ego integrity. · d. ego transcendence.

b. ego identity

Careful monitoring of the _____ is usually recommended for women who become pregnant at 35 or later. a. hair b. fetus c. liver d. brain

b. fetus

Piaget describes the accomplishments of the stage of _________in terms of an individual's increased ability to classify objects and ideas, engage in logical thought, and hypothesize, just as researchers make hypotheses in their investigations. · a. concrete operations · b. formal operations · c. latency · d. social cognition

b. formal operations

Religion involves beliefs and practices centered on claims about the nature of reality and _________. ​ · a. egotism · b. moral behavior · c. materialism · d. social dominance

b. moral behavior

According to _________, older adults do not want to involve themselves in painful social interactions. ​ · a. activity theory · b. socioemotional selectivity theory · c. disengagement theory · d. psychosocial identity theory

b. socioemotional selectivity theory

Many young adults adopt what Levinson calls _____, the drive to become someone, to leave one's mark on history—which serves as a tentative blueprint for life. · a. ethnocentrism · b. the dream · c. the self-fulfilling prophecy · d. the personal fable

b. the dream

In the context of parenting styles, which of the following statements is true? · a. Adolescents from authoritative homes have low self-esteem. · b. Adolescents whose parents use the permissive parenting style are the most competent. · c. Adolescents from authoritative homes show the most competent behavior. · d. Adolescents whose parents use the authoritarian parenting style are the most competent.

c. Adolescents from authoritative homes show the most competent behavior.

Which of the following is a similarity between benign tumors and malignant tumors? a. Both release cells that form metastases. b. Both are cancerous and pose a threat to life. c. Both are formed by uncontrollable growth of cells. d. Both invade and destroy surrounding tissues.

c. Both are formed by uncontrollable growth of cells.

Which of the following is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent cycles of binge eating and purging? · a. Gynecomastia · b. Anorexia nervosa · c. Bulimia nervosa · d. Osteoporosis

c. Bulimia nervosa

Which of the following is true of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? · a. HIV/AIDS is the most widely spread STI among young adults. · b. There is no prevention for the human papilloma virus. . c. Chlamydia is the second most commonly occurring STI in young adults, and it results in sterility. · d. Herpes is a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease which can lead to infertility that cannot be cured.

c. Chlamydia is the second most commonly occurring STI in young adults, and it results in sterility.

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, which of the following stages of life is associated with late adulthood? · a. Intimacy versus isolation · b. Ego identity versus role diffusion · :c. Ego integrity versus despair · d. Generativity versus stagnation

c. Ego integrity versus despair

Which of the following statements is true of a heart attack? a. It is treated by methods such as radiation and chemotherapy. b. It is caused by the uncontrollable division of cells. c. It can be fatal if the victim is not attended to within the first two hours. d. It is caused by a deficiency of estrogen in the body.

c. It can be fatal if the victim is not attended to within the first two hours.T

Which of the following is true of stressful life events? a. These events are important to keep people mentally alert. b. These events have little effect on physical health. c. These events are offset by an increased sense of control. d. These events have little effect on psychological health.

c. These events are offset by an increased sense of control.

Which of the following is true of physical development during early adulthood? · a. The immune system suffers due to extreme stress during early adulthood. · b. The skin begins to tighten in early adulthood. · c. Young adults are at their tallest during early adulthood. d. Women are normally stronger than men during early adulthood

c. Young adults are at their tallest during early adulthood.

Adult children who return to their parents' home for prolonged periods are part of the _____. a. down syndrome generation b. sandwich generation c. boomerang generation d. empty nest syndrome

c. boomerang generation

Ella is a young woman with a lucrative job and a large circle of friends. She has chosen to remain single as she finds the idea of having sex unappealing. Ella is practicing _____. · a. monogamy · b. polyandry · c. celibacy. · d. homogamy

c. celibacy

Brain infections such as meningitis, HIV, and encephalitis; chronic alcoholism, strokes, and tumors are some of the causes of _____. · a. diphtheria · b. tuberculosis .c. dementia · d. diabetes

c. dementia

Peer pressure tends to be highest during _________. ​ · a. late adulthood · b. late childhood c. mid-adolescence · d. early adolescence

c. mid-adolescence

The brittleness and porosity of the bones due to long-term estrogen deficiency is called _________. ​ a. presbyopia b. glaucoma c. osteoporosis d. arthritis

c. osteoporosis

In the context of handling interpersonal conflicts, older adults are more likely than young adults to: · a. express their frustration. · b. solve the problem. · c. remain unperturbed. · d. seek support from others.

c. remain unperturbed.

According to studies by Berscheid in 2010 and Graham in 2011, the experience of _________, as opposed to attachment or sexual arousal, occurs within a cultural context in which the concept is idealized. ​ · a. fatuous love · b. consummate love · c. romantic love · d. empty love

c. romantic love

The term ageism refers to: · a. the privileges enjoyed by older adults in society. · b. the age-related decline in the memory of adults. · :c. the prejudice against people because of their age. · d. the physical and psychological changes associated with aging.

c. the prejudice against people because of their age.

Which of the following statements best describes a clique? · a. A group of people belonging to the same age group who are involved in illegal activities · b. A large group of people who are identified by the activities of the group · c. A group of people who temporarily come together for a specific purpose, the completion of which ends their interaction · d. A small group of individuals who hang around together and share common interests

d. A small group of individuals who hang around together and share common interests

In the context of scales used to assess development of personality in women from young adulthood through late adulthood, which of the following themes assesses the sense of authority over others? a. Concern with aging b. Generativity c. Identity certainty d. Confident power

d. Confident power

Which of the following statements is accurate about physical development during middle adulthood? a. During middle adulthood, the basal metabolic rate increases, whereas lean-body mass increases. b. During middle adulthood, reaction time decreases, whereas bone density increases. c. During middle adulthood, lung capacity increases, whereas reaction time decreases. d. During middle adulthood, lung capacity decreases, whereas body mass index increases.

d. During middle adulthood, lung capacity decreases, whereas body mass index increases.

Identify a correct statement about glaucoma. · a. Glaucoma cannot be treated either by surgery or medication. · b. Glaucoma shortens one's stature by inches. · c. Glaucoma causes curvature of the spine. .d. Glaucoma rarely occurs before age 40.

d. Glaucoma rarely occurs before age 40.

Which of the following is true of sibling relationships in middle adulthood? a. Very few people in middle adulthood have at least one living brother or sister in the United States. b. Brothers tend to have more intimate relationships than sisters. c. A majority of sibling relationships get cut off in middle adulthood in the United States. d. Most adult sibling relationships tend to reflect the nature of sibling relationships in childhood.

d. Most adult sibling relationships tend to reflect the nature of sibling relationships in childhood.

_____ is a condition involving progressive loss of bone tissue. · a. Menopause · b. Gynecomastia · c. Menarche · d. Osteoporosis Rationale:

d. Osteoporosis

Which of the following statements is true of sexual behavior? · a. Genetic factors are unlikely to determine the sexual orientation of individuals. · b. Individuals are genetically predisposed to have a homosexual orientation. · c. Sexual differentiation of sex organs and brain begin at the same time. · d. Sex hormones predispose lower animals to stereotypical masculine or feminine mating patterns.

d. Sex hormones predispose lower animals to stereotypical masculine or feminine mating patterns

Which of the following is one of the three leading causes of death in early adulthood? a. Heart disease b. Cancer c. AIDS d. Suicide

d. Suicide

Which of the following statements is accurate about depression in older adults? · a. Depression in older people cannot usually be treated successfully with the same means that work in younger people. · b. More older adults suffer from depression compared to younger adults. · c. Older women who lose their partners are most likely to commit suicide as a result of depression. · d. Suicide due to untreated depression is more frequent among older adults than among younger adults.

d. Suicide due to untreated depression is more frequent among older adults than among younger adults.

A difference between cohabitors and noncohabitors is that cohabitors tend to: · a. be more committed to the values associated with the institution of marriage. · b. be more religious. · c. have higher self-esteem and feelings of empathy. . d. be less traditional.

d. be less traditional

The inability to bounce back after bereavement is a symptom of _________. ​ · a. Alzheimer's disease · b. dyslexia · c. acarophobia · d. depression

d. depression

Nikolai is a 20-year-old young man. When asked whether he thinks he has become an adult, he replies "In some respects yes and in other respects no." Nikolai is not completely dependent on his parents, but he is not yet fully self-supporting. In the context of the characteristics of emerging adulthood theorized by Jeffrey Arnett, Nikolai is _____. · a. illustrating narcissism · b. experiencing the feature of stability · c. illustrating egocentrism · d. experiencing the feature of feeling in-between

d. experiencing the feature of feeling in-between

In the United States, the task of caring for aging parents usually falls to the _____. a. first-born son b. teenage daughter c. youngest son d. middle-aged daughter

d. middle-aged daughter

The disengagement theory claims that: · a. people who achieved generativity in middle adulthood are more likely to achieve ego integrity. · b. engaging in physical and social activities help older adults fare better. · c. looking back on the events of one's life in late adulthood hinders the achievement of body transcendence. ·d. older people and society mutually withdraw from one another as older people approach death.

d. older people and society mutually withdraw from one another as older people approach death.

Mark is 50 years old, and he enjoys his work as a car mechanic. Lately, he has been finding it difficult to focus on the intricate interiors of the engine. Mark is most likely suffering from: a. diplopia. b. aphakia. c. amblyopia. d. presbyopia

d. presbyopia