ch. 11 climate

All the following are mitigation strategies to deal with climate change except

Building sea walls to protect coastal areas from Storm surges

What would happen to global temperatures if there were no greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Earth would be very cold

General circulation models suggest that

Earth's recent warming Trend cannot be explained solely by natural forcings

What is a potential Regional benefit of a slight increase in atmospheric temperatures during the 21st century

Improved agriculture would allow for increased food production

Precipitation is generally expected to _____ across the globe during the 21st century, and areas over water expected to experience a ______ temperature increase than areas over land

Increase; smaller

Which of the following scenarios would result in a negative feedback loop

Is the atmospheric carbon dioxide level and temperature increase, more carbon is available for plants to take up during photosynthesis, causing increased uptake of carbon dioxide by plants

Scientists use several types of analysis to demonstrate that human activities are responsible for warming. Which of the following is not an analysis that shows that human activity is responsible for warming

Measurements of global temperatures using satellite observations to determine that global temperatures are rising

Has polar see ice disappears do to warming, this will result in ____ at Earth's surface, which then functions as a _____ to climate change

More energy absorption; positive feedback

Analysis indicates that only approximately 2% of the net climate forcing of the atmosphere since 1750 is a result of ______

Natural changes in solar energy reaching Earth

Which of the following statements best captures have 3 to 6 feet of sea level rise will Effect 3 locations shown here

Offshore islands and low-lying interior areas bordering Rivers, streams, canals, bath, and other water bodies are most likely to be inundated first in most places

One concern with a warming climate is how it will affect ecosystems. And one scenario that scientists are studying, or warming Arctic climate will melt permafrost, which will then that stimulates the decomposition of frozen organic matter, thus increasing the release of large quantities of CO2 + CH4 and causing further warming of the climate. This scenario would be an example of which of the following?

Positive feedback loop

Which of the following areas has experienced the greatest surface temperature increase since 1900

Siberia and Northern Canada

Combustion of coal produces _______, which tends to have a cooling effect on the climate

Sulfate aerosols

Across the scenarios, in which region are the largest changes in surface temperature expected to occur

The Arctic

Which of the following describes the global warming potential of a gas

The amount of heat a gas can trap in the atmosphere in a certain amount of time

All of the following are predicted to directly result from rising global temperatures except

The increased acidity of oceans

All the following are proxy records of global temperature except

Thermometer readings

Which of the following greenhouse gases is short-lived and Exhibits the most variation in atmospheric concentrations from season to season

Water vapor

Some people have said that water vapor is a more powerful greenhouse gas that industrialized produce Gases such as carbon dioxide, and for this reason, we shouldn't worry about the rising concentrations of industrially produced greenhouse gases. What is wrong with this claim?

Water vapor has a short residence time in the atmosphere and therefore cannot serve as a forcing for climate change

The younger dryas involved in coding of 10 degrees Celsius in the North Atlantic region that occurred over a period of _______. This cooling event was caused by _____.

A decade; the melting of large ice sheets in North America

The falling of permafrost from rising temperatures in the Artic is expected to

Accelerate climate changes via a positive feedback loop as carbon dioxide and methane or released from these soils

Which of the following four things would we have to intensify in order to cool the climate

Aerosol Cloud effects

Based on your understanding of projections of future climate change which of the following statements is true?

Amount of 21st century warming will depend to a large degree on the speed of which we reduce the emission of greenhouse gases

Which of the following most accurately describes average global temperature changes since 1900

Average global temperatures climb during the early nineteen-hundreds and late nineteen hundreds, with a 20-year period of relative stability between 1950 and 1970

In this scenario where the global average surface temperature is expected to rise by an average of 2.2 degrees Celsius by 2100, approximately how much are the Interiors of the continents expected to warm

Between 2 - 5 degrees Celsius

The picture shows a combination of ice, rock, and snow. Using the letters on the image, which portion of the image would have the largest absorption of solar energy and radiation of this energy and long-wave infrared forms

C

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that does not naturally occur in the atmosphere

CFCs

Some people argue that solar radiation, rather than human cause carbon dioxide emissions, has had a greater effect on the climate over the past Century. In other words, they argue that solar radiation has been a stronger positive climate forcing than CO2. Based on the graph, how do forces from CO2 and solar radiation compare

CO2 forcing is about 35 times greater than the solar radiation forcing

Which of the following choices which molecules in order from most to least powerful in terms of their climate forcing impact during the 20th century

Carbon dioxide > methane > halocarbon > aerosols

They were given the task of deciding what to do to reduce overall warming, which forcing would you focus your efforts on reducing in order to have the largest potential influence

Carbon dioxide emissions

All of the following are components of milankovich Cycles except

Changes in the distance and shape of the moon's orbit around Earth

Which of the following scenarios is protected by the ipcc if we were to dramatically reduce our Global greenhouse gas emissions immediately

Continued global warming, but less warming than would occur without greenhouse gas reduction

How much greater is the estimated warming from human-caused forcings than from natural forcings

Estimated warming from human-caused forcings is about 10 times greater than the estimated warming from natural forcings

All of the following are associated with the warmest periods of the past 500 million years of Earth's history except

Extinction rates far exceeding modern-day Extinction rates

Examine the Arctic in the map that displays in average surface temperature increase of 3.7 degrees Celsius. How much more than the global average surface temperature change is this specific area predicted to warm in this scenario

It will warm about .3 through 8.3 degrees Celsius more than the global average

In the previous questions, you examined the differences in global average surface temperature increase and the predicted increases for specific areas under different climate change scenarios. Based on the differences you observed, which of the following statements is likely to be a critique of these scenarios

Looking at the number for the predicted global average surface temperature increases for any given scenario often provides an under estimate of how much the temperature will increase in many individual places that we value, such as land areas where humans live and grow the majority of their food

Of the three metropolitan area shown, which City and surrounding areas going to lose the most land if sea level rises to 6 feet

Miami

Across the scenarios, and which of the following environments has the largest amount of warming expected to occur by 2100

On land, in the interior of continents

Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere when

Shortwave radiation from the Sun is absorbed by Earth's surface and re radiated as infrared radiation

Sun releases energy across the electromagnetic spectrum. Which forms of electromagnetic energy from the Sun affect climate

Shortwave radiation, such as visible light

What line of evidence most strongly suggests that current global climate change as a result of increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere rather than increased solar radiation

Temperatures in the stratosphere are actually decreasing, suggesting that the atmosphere is not warming because of an increased solar radiation

Which of the following most accurately describes Global temperature patterns over the past twelve thousand years

Temperatures increase over a period of two to three thousand years, leveled off, declined gradually over the past several thousand years, and then recently increased rapidly to the highest level of that time period.

Albedo is the measure of the surface is ability to reflect solar radiation. Which of the following has the highest Albedo

The snow on top of a dormant volcano

The figure shows three different simulations of past Global temperature anomalies from a general circulation model. Different climate for sayings are used in each simulation. Natural Forces exclude human emission of greenhouse gases, while human Force things are specifically the emission of CO2, CH4 and N20. Use your understanding of 20th century climate change to answer the following question. Reminder a temperature anomaly is the difference in temperature of relative to an average. The green line on the graph shows observations of global temperature in on leave. With this information, what can you conclude about what the blue line on the graph represents

This model was run with natural climate forcings only

Urban heat Islands occur in metropolitan areas where the air temperature is several degrees warmer than the surrounding for all areas. How can the concept of climate forcing be used to explain the urban heat island phenomenon

Urban areas contain vast expanses of paved surfaces and other surfaces that absorb shortwave radiation and rear 88 it has heat. All areas tend to be more heavily vegetated and so reflect more shortwave radiation

Which of the following is an example of an aerosol

Volcanic ash

How do I know what global temperatures were before we had a widespread network of thermometers

We can determine this by looking at the patterns of tree rings or the Isotopes of certain elements that vary with temperature

One of the projections of the effects of climate change is an increase in the intensity of extreme events such as floods and droughts. Would this be important to human society and why or why not?

Yes, extreme events are difficult to plan for and place a large amount of stress on human systems and infrastructure