CH 11 - Motivated Behaviors

Homeostasis

"same state" equilibrium the body must maintain to stay alive and functioning.

Properties of motivated behavior

1. They are goal directed behaviors - motivated individuals keep working until they reach their goal. 2. Motivated behavior is instigated, prompted, activated 3. If an individual varies the behavior and persists until reaching a goal, it is a motivated behavior.

Anorexia Nervosa

A condition in which a normal-weight person continuously loses weight but still feels overweight. Refusing to eat an adequate amount of food.

Transformational Leadership

Articulate a vision for the future, and challenge and motivate subordinates to be creative in improving the organization

Theory X - Scientific Management Approach

Assumes people are lazy, dislike work, indifferent, not creative, and must be led and directed. It is compatible with scientific management and bureaucracy. Work should be easy to perform and strictly supervised. Managers must use coercion, control schemes to get workers to meet objectives.

Theory Y - Human Relations Approach

Assumes that people find satisfaction in their work and function best under a participatory leader. It is compatible with human relations. They crave responsibility, variety of tasks, and a sense of accomplishment. Considers work as natural as play or rest, and enjoy the satisfaction of esteem.

Intrinsic motivation

Behavior that is performed for its own sake. It's stimulation or drive coming from within, an activity we enjoy and find motivating

Extrinsic motivation

Behavior that is performed to acquire material or social rewards, or to avoid punishment. It is based on the reinforcements and punishments that may follow an action. We get motivated by external forces, not within self.

The Kinsey Survey

Conducted by Alfred Kinsey to study sexual behavior. Demonstrated that there is a wide variation in human sex habits and attitudes

Bulimia Nervosa

Disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, using laxatives, fasting, or excessive exercise.

Drive-Reduction Theory

Proposed by Clark Leonard Hull. Theory proposes that animals strive to reduce their drives as much as possible, and that the purpose of biological drives is to correct disturbances of homeostasis. Physiological needs = Psychological drives.

Transactional Leadership

Try to make organization more efficient at what it already does, usually through the use of incentives.

Sexual orientation

a person's preference for male partners, female partners, both, or neither

Mere Exposure/ Mere Measurement Effect

a psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things which are more familiar to them than others.

Hypothalamus

a small area on the underside of the brain, contains several sub-areas that contribute in various ways to eating, drinking, sexual behavior, and other motivated activities. Lateral hypothalamus stimulates appetite.

Delay of Gratification

choosing a smaller payoff in order to get a bigger payoff later.

Obesity

excessive accumulation of body fat, increasing risk of diabetes, coronary diseases, some types of cancer, sleep apnea

Incentive

external motivations, external stimuli that pulls us toward certain actions.

Overjustification

predicts that if people are given more extrinsic motivation than needed to perform a task, the intrinsic motivation declines.

Motivation

refers to the driving force within individuals that impels them to action. the driving force is produced by a state of tension, which exist as the result of an unfulfilled need.

Gender Identity

the sex that a person regards him or herself as being

Drive

the starting point of motivation. Helps individuals focus on specific goals they wish to achieve.