Ch. 11 Tobacco

what countries imposed death penalties for smoking?

Turkey, Russia and China

Why do filtered cigarettes not work?

because they often smoke more cigarettes per day, increase puff number and volume, or block the filter holes with their fingers or lips.

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of Bronchopulmonary disease. cigarettes do what to cause this disease?

cigarettes damage the airways and alveoli and causes emphysema and chronic airway obstruction.

Rodrig de Jerez was the first European to inhale tobacco smoke when he saw the people of Cuba doing it. He eventually brought it to Portugal and as a result his friends thought he was what?

possessed by the devil. and was placed in prison for several years.

Chewing Tobacco and snuff:

• Use can lead to nicotine addiction and dependence. • Contains 28 cancer-causing agents. • Smokeless tobacco is strongly associated with leukoplakia. • Smokeless tobacco increases the risk of developing cancer of the oral cavity and pancreas. • Smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy increases the risks for preeclampsia, premature birth, and low birth weight.

What did the Family Smoking Prevention and Control Act do?

• Gave FDA authority to regulate the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products • Restricted cigarette sales to youth and required proof of age

What is the Pharmacology of Nicotine?

• It is a colorless, highly volatile liquid alkaloid. • When smoked, nicotine enters the lungs and is then absorbed into the bloodstream. • When chewed or dipped, nicotine is absorbed through the mucous lining of the mouth.

How do Native Americans use tobacco?

-They smoke it as cigars or cigarettes and in pipes -as a syrup to be swallowed or applied to the gums -chewed and snuffed -administered rectally as a ceremonial enema

What happened because of the Master Settlers Agreement?

• Limitations on advertising • Ban on cartoon characters in advertising • Ban on "branded" merchandise • Limitations on sponsoring of sporting events • Disbanding of tobacco trade organizations • Funds designated to support anti-smoking measures and research to reduce youth smoking

What is some of the history of Tobacco use?

• Mayans: tobacco smoke as "divine incense" • Turkey: poets vs. priests • France: Louis XIII vs. Louis XIV • Nicholas Monardes: infallible cure • Pope Urban VII: excommunication for tobacco users

What are methods for quitting Tobacco?

• Nicotine gum • Nicotine patches • Nicotine spray • Nicotine lozenges • Bupropion • Varenicline

Smoking effects on pregnancy:

• One in six pregnant women smoked cigarettes in the past month • Increased risk for stillbirth, pre-term delivery, infertility, low birth weight and sudden infant death syndrome

Second hand smoking

• Secondhand smoke includes a mixture of smoke that comes directly from the lighted tip of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe tip and exhaled smoke • Passive smoking refers to nonsmokers' inhalation of tobacco smoke. • Secondhand smoke exposure causes an estimated 46,000 heart disease deaths annually in the United States.

smoking and the heart:

• Smoking causes coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. • Compared with non-smokers, smoking increases the risk of coronary heart disease two to four times. • Smoking puts smokers at greater risk for developing peripheral artery disease.

What are 2 Physiological effects of Nicotine?

•Stimulates central dopamine release • Stimulates cardiovascular system

cigarette smokers are more likely to use illicit drugs than who?

nonsmokers

The amount of Tobacco absorbed depends on:

- Exact composition of tobacco - How densely the tobacco is packed in the cigarette - Whether a filter is used and characteristics of filter - The volume of smoke inhaled - The number of cigarettes smoked

What are the benefits of stopping Tobacco usage?

1. A return to normalcy of heart rate and blood pressure (which are abnormally high while smoking). 2. A decline of carbon monoxide in the blood within hours. 3. Improved circulation, production of less phlegm, and decreased rate of coughing and sneezing within weeks. 4. Substantial improvements in lung function within several months. 5. Decreased risk for lung and other types of cancer. 6. Decreased risk for coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. 7. Decreased respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. 8. Decreased risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 9. Decreased risk for infertility in women. 10. Decreased risk of having a low birth weight baby.

there are how many species of tobacco plants?

60, with Nicotiana Tabacum as the primary species of tobacco cultivated in the United States.

The French ambassador to Portugal, Jean Nicot, grew interested in the novel tobacco plant and because of him Tobacco was given the name of?

Nicotiana Tabacum

Who decapitated those who smoked?

The Chinese

More deaths are caused each year by __________ use than by HIV, illegal drug use, murders, alcohol use, suicides, and motor vehicle injuries combined.

Tobacco

How many deaths are caused annually because of Tobacco?

Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of disease and premature death in the United States. - 443,000 deaths annually in United States. ( 480,000 this year )

Tobacco was described as what as it was used medically?

a holy, healing herb - a special remedy sent by God to humans.

the oldest known representation of a smoker is what?

a stone carving from a Mayan Temple, which shows a priest puffing on a ceremonial pipe.

Snuffing first became fashionable in France during the reign of Louis XIII, in which snuffing was regarded as what?

dandier and more elegant than constantly exhaling smoke.

the mayans regarded tobacco smoke as what?

divine incense that would bring rain in the dry season.

Tobacco can serve as a ____________ drug.

gateway

Cigarette smokers not only tend to die at an earlier age than nonsmokers, but also...

have a higher probability of developing certain diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, bronchopulmonary disease, and other illnesses

The word tobacco may have come from tobacco, which was a two pronged tube used by who to take snuff?

the natives of Central America

Government Regulation on tobacco:

• 1964: The Advisory Committee to the U.S. Surgeon General reported that cigarette smoking is related to lung cancer. • 1970: Warnings on cigarette labels.

smoking and cancer:

• Cigarette smoking is a major cause of cancers of the lung, bladder, pancreas, cervix, esophagus, stomach, oral cavity and kidney. • The risk of lung cancer in men who smoke two or more packs per day is 23 times greater than the risk for nonsmokers, while the risk for women is approximately 13 times greater.

History facts about Tobacco in America:

• Cigars became popular in the United States in the early 1800s. • By about 1920, cigarette consumption started to exceed that of cigars. The introduction of the cigarette-rolling machine in 1833 spurred cigarette consumption because cigarettes became cheaper than cigars.

Electronic cigarettes:

• Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are devices designed to deliver nicotine or other substances to a user as a vapor. • The FDA has not evaluated e-cigarettes for effectiveness or safety.