Ch. 12 Atoms (Finals)

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Some alpha particles fired through a gold foil bounce backward by

1. making direct hits with gold atoms 2. electrostatic repulsion when close to gold nuclei 3. electrostatic repulsion with the electron clouds of gold atoms.

The atomic number of fluorine is 9 and its mass number is 19, so it has

10 neutrons

Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is __ times greater.

16

If lithium has a mass number of 7 and an atomic number of 3, a lithium atom contains

3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons

a certain atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. Its mass number is

56

atomic symbol

One or two letters used to represent an atom of a particular element

Electrons differ from protons and neutrons because electrons have

a much smaller mass

One atomic mass unit describes the mass of

a proton or neutron

Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were made in

ancient stars

electrons

atomic particles found in energy levels outside the nucleus.

neutrons

atomic particles that are electrically neutral

isotopes

atoms whose nuclei contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

If a pair of helium nuclei are fused together, the result is

beryllium

If two protons are removed from an oxygen nucleus, the result is

carbon

What is it that electrons have that protons always have in equal magnitude? 1. mass 2. charge 3. energy 4. all of these 5. none of these

charge

a particle that moves around the nucleus is an

electron

Each energy level of an atom has a maximum number of __ it can hold

electrons

Since boron has an atomic number of 5, it has five

electrons

The chemical properties of matter comes mostly from its

electrons

The volume of matter comes mostly from its

electrons

An electric force between the nucleus of an atom and its electrons causes the

electrons to movie in an orbit around the nucleus

to change mercury into gold, a pair of protons must be removed form the mercury atoms? (True or False)

false

Most alpha particles fired at a gold foil pass through undeflected because the

gold atoms , like any others, are mostly empty space

Because the nucleus of an atom contains protons, it

has a positive charge

If one neutron is added to helium nucleus, the result is

helium

The atomic number of an element tells

how many protons are in its nucleus

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called

isotopes

Which has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? 1. gold 2. mercury 3. lead 4. silver

lead

The Bohr Model of the atom is similar to a

miniature solar system

The reason a gravity block is mostly empty space is because the atoms in the gravity are

mostly empty space themselves

A chemical symbol represents the __ of an element.

name

If two protons are added to an oxygen nucleus, the result is

neon

Which of the following are electrically neutral: 1. proton 2. neutron 3. electron 4. all of these 5. none of these

neutron (2)

Atoms heavier than hydrogen were made by

nuclear fusion

In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons in the nucleus is balanced by an equal number of

orbital electrons

Dot diagrams are used to represent

outer electrons

The weight of matter comes mostly from its

protons

The nucleus of an atom is made up of

protons and neutrons

The mass of an atom, in atomic mass units, is equal to the number of

protons and neutrons in its nucleus

Particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons are

quarks

Brown motion has to do with the

random motions of atoms and molecules

Assuming all the atoms exhaled by Julius Caesar in his last dying breath are still in the atmosphere, the we probably breathe one to those atoms with each

single breath

If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would

still not be able to see an atom

atomic mass

the average of all masses of the isotopes of a particular element.

What makes an element distinct?

the number of protons

Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are

the same age

mass number

the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a particular kind of atom

There are about as many atoms of air in our lungs at any moment as there are breaths of air in the atmosphere of

the whole world

J.J Thomson's discovery of negatively charged particles in atoms indicated that

there are smaller particles than atoms

How many different elements are in a water molecule?

two`

Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons? 1. helium 2. carbon 3. iron 4. gold 5. uranium

uranium

Which of these atoms has the most mass? 1. hydrogen 2. iron 3. lead 4. uranium 5. all of the same mass

uranium

Because atoms are too small to study directly, scientists

use models of atoms


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