Ch. 12 Endocrine System

Diabetes insipidus is caused from a deficiency in the hormone ____.

ADH

The condition caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone after childhood and characterized by enlarged face, hands, and feet is known as ____.

Acromegaly

A condition of the adrenal cortex characterized by bronzing of the skin, decreased blood sodium, low blood glucose, low blood pressure, fatigue, listlessness, and dehydration is called ____.

Addison's Disease

The suprarenal glands are also called the ____.

Adrenal glands

What hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete its hormones, including cortisol?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

The mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that is responsible for the regulation of sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys is ____.

Aldosterone

The male sex hormones that stimulate development of male sexual characteristics are known as ____.

Androgens

The group of cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas that are responsible for secreting insulin are the ____.

Beta Cells

The hormone that lowers the calcium and phosphate ion concentration of the blood by inhibiting the release of calcium phosphate ions from the bones and by increasing the excretion of these ions by the kidneys is ____.

Calcitonin

A condition due to hypothyroidism in young children in which the child is mentally retarded and does not grow to normal stature is known as ____.

Cretinism

The condition caused by too much secretion from the adrenal cortex, resulting in puffy skin, obesity, a moon-shaped face, and masculinizing changes in women, is known as ____.

Cushing's Syndrome

A condition of the pituitary gland due to a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in which an individual produces 20 to 30 liters of urine daily and can become severely dehydrated is known as ____.

Diabetes Insipidus

A common condition of the endocrine system in which the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin, resulting in chronic elevations of glucose in the blood, is known as ____.

Diabetes Mellitus

Too little growth hormone secreted before puberty, as a result of abnormal development of the pituitary gland, results in a condition known as ____.

Dwarfism

Ductless glands that secrete their hormones directly into the bloodstream

Endocrine Glands

Bulging of the eyeballs due to hyperthyroidism is known as ____.

Exophthalmia

True or False: Lactogenic hormone (LTH), also known as prolactin, stimulates the production of ova in the female ovary.

False

True or False: the adrenal glands are embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.

False

The hormone that stimulates development of the follicles in the ovaries is ____.

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Alpha cells of the pancreas secrete which of the following hormones?

Glucagon

The hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas that is responsible for stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose when blood sugar levels are extremely low is ____.

Glucagon

The medical term for an excessive amount of glucose (sugar) in the urine is ____.

Glycosuria

A disease caused by overproduction of thyroid hormone, often associated with an enlarged thyroid gland or goiter and bulging eyeballs, is known as ____.

Grave's Disease

The anterior pituitary gland produces ____.

Growth hormone

What hormone increases protein synthesis and the breakdown of fats and carbohydrates?

Growth hormone

Name the hormones for the anterior pituitary gland

Growth, thyroid-stimulating, adrenocorticotropic, melanocyte, follicle-stimulating, luteinizing, and lactogenic hormones

The medical term for an excessive amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood is ____.

Hyperglycemia

What disorder causes nervousness, high body metabolism, and fatigue?

Hyperthyroidism

The pituitary gland, considered the "master gland" of the endocrine system, is also called the ____.

Hypophysis

A lack of or low level of thyroid hormones is called ____.

Hypothyroidism

What disorder results in sluggishness, fatigue, and fluid accumulation in subcutaneous tissues?

Hypothyroidism

Diabetes mellitus is caused from a deficiency in the hormone ____.

Insulin

Bright light inhibits the secretion of which of the following hormones?

Melatonin

What causes bone cells to release calcium and phosphorous into the blood?

Parathormone

The medical term for excessive thirst is ____.

Polydipsia

The medical term for excessive eating (eating abnormally large amounts of food) is ____.

Polyphagia

The medical term for excessive increase in urine production is ____.

Polyuria

The thymus gland secretes the hormone ____.

Thymosin

Which of the following glands is critical in the development of the immune system?

Thymus

The thyroid gland produces ____.

Thyroxine

True or False: A decline in blood glucose can cause nervous system malfunctions, since glucose is a main source of energy for nerve cells.

True

True or False: Some of the side effects of anabolic steroids are shriveled testes and infertility, changes in blood cholesterol levels that could lead to heart disease, damage to the liver, a puffy face, and mental problems.

True

The hormone that maintains the body's water balance by promoting increased water reabsorption by the kidneys is the antidiuretic hormone known as ____.

Vasopressin

What helps to increase absorption of calcium by the small intestine?

Vitamin D

What are the three classifications of hormones?

modified amino acids, proteins, steroid hormones

What gland produces the hormones melatonin and serotonin?

pineal gland

When the concentration of a particular hormone reaches a certain level in the body, the endocrine gland that secreted that hormone is inhibited and the secretion of that hormone ceases or decreases significantly.

A negative feedback loop