CH 12 Social Psychology
conformity
Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?
Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.
______ is the process by which we come to form an understanding of our social environment.
Social perception
When social psychologists discuss impression formation, what are they talking about?
The process by which people form opinions of others
Which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior?
Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries.
obedience
a form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority
On his first day of soccer practice, Jose suits up in a t-shirt, shorts, and cleats and runs out to the field to join his teammates. Jose's behavior is reflective of ________.
a script
fundamental attribution error
an observers' bias in favor of dispositional or internal attributions in explaining others' behavior
In order for the central route to persuasion to be effective, the audience must be ________ and ________.
analytical; motivated
attitudes
are positive or negative evaluations of persons, objects, or issues
A(n) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative.
attitude
Explanations formed about causes of behavior or events are called
attributions
In attitudes, _______ are to cognitions as _______ are to emotions.
beliefs; feelings
According to social exchange theory, humans want to maximize the ________ and minimize the ________ in relationships.
benefits; costs
The ________ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese.
bystander effect
Which of the following adolescents is least likely to be targeted for bullying?
captain of the football team
In persuasive messages the careful evaluation of the content of a message is accomplished via which route of processing?
central
When we seek out information that supports our stereotypes we are engaged in ________.
confirmation bias
Cognitive dissonance causes discomfort because it disrupts our sense of ________.
consistency
situational causes
determine the cause of behavior to external demands and environmental constraints ex: believing your friend's house is in foreclosure due to the economic crisis
dispositional cause
determine the cause of behavior to internal traits, needs, or personal choices ex: your friend's house is in foreclosure because they are bad with money
The bystander effect likely occurs due to ________.
diffusion of responsibility
Attitudes describe our ________ of people, objects, and ideas.
evaluations
Examples of cues used in peripheral route persuasion include all of the following except ________.
factual information
Prejudice is to ________ as discrimination is to ________.
feelings;behavior
When it comes to buying clothes, teenagers often follow social norms; this is likely motivated by ________
fitting in
Which statement about groupthink is correct?
group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus
If group members modify their opinions to align with a perceived group consensus, then ________ has occurred.
groupthink
After moving to a new apartment building, research suggests that Sam will be most likely to become friends with ________.
his next door neighbor
cognitive dissonance
inconsistencies between behaviors and attitudes create a state of emotional distress
Social loafing occurs when ________.
individual performance cannot be evaluated and the task is easy
Which of the following is not a type of prejudice?
individualism
attributions
inferences/conclusions about the cause of events and behavior
According to the actor-observer bias, we have more information about _________
influences on our own behavior
In attribution theory, dispositional attributions are ______ and situational attributions are _____.
internal; external
In the Asch experiment, participants conformed due to ________ social influence.
normative
Cognitive dissonance results when
one's attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent.
The fundamental attribution error, which helps explain how cognitive biases affect attributions, involves
overemphasizing situational factors when explaining the behavior of others
What are the three ways social psychology is separated?
perceiving others, relating to others, behavior in groups
Which type of persuasion involves an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues to associate positivity with a message?
peripheral route
What trait do both men and women tend to look for in a romantic partner?
physical attractiveness
Typically, bullying from boys is to ________ as bullying from girls is to ________.
physical harm; emotional harm
According to the triangular theory of love, what type of love is defined by passion and intimacy but no commitment?
romantic love
________ occurs when the out-group is blamed for the in-group's frustration.
scapegoating
Making internal attributions for your successes and making external attributions for your failures is an example of _______
self serving bias
Altruism is a form of prosocial behavior that is motivated by ________.
selfless helping of others
As a field, social psychology focuses on ______ in predicting human behavior.
situational factors
Collectivistic cultures are to _______ as individualistic cultures are to ________
situational;dispositional
A ______ is a set of group expectations for appropriate thoughts and behaviors of its members.
social norm
Who was Stanley Milgram?
social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis
In the Stanford prison experiment, even the lead researcher succumbed to his role as a prison supervisor. This is an example of the power of ________ influencing behavior.
social roles
impression formation
the process by which we develop an opinion or impression of others
social pschology
the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
group think
the tendency of group members to conform, resulting in a narrow view of some issue
actor-observer effect
the tendency to attribute one's disappointments in life to external factors and other people's failings to something internal
self-serving bias
the tendency to attribute one's success to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors
Under what conditions will informational social influence be more likely?
when the answer is unclear, when the group has expertise