Ch 12: The endomembrane system and Peroxisomes

Degradation of damaged organelles It is associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. It is associated with peroxisomes and mitochondria. It is associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. It is associated with endoplasmic reticulum. It is associated with peroxisomes. It is associated with Golgi. It is associated with lysosome. It is associated with mitochondria.

It is associated with lysosome.

β oxidation of long-chain fatty acids It is associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. It is associated with endoplasmic reticulum. It is associated with Golgi. It is associated with mitochondria. It is associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. It is associated with lysosome. It is associated with peroxisomes and mitochondria. It is associated with peroxisomes.

It is associated with peroxisomes and mitochondria.

If you were looking within a cell for organized clathrin structures, you would find them associated with which of the following structures? endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes trans Golgi complex extracellular matrix inner membrane of mitochondria

trans Golgi complex

Lysosomal storage diseases are the result of deficiencies in lysosomal proteins. An example of one such disorder is chronic fatigue syndrome. Tay-Sachs disease. tuberculosis. adult-onset diabetes. Huntington's disease.

Tay-Sachs disease.

Using the techniques of genetic engineering, you design a cytoplasmic protein you want to accumulate within the ER of yeast cells. To accomplish this goal, you need to incorporate the appropriate DNA sequence with the proper signal. do nothing; all proteins go through the ER. incorporate radioactive amino acids into the protein. incorporate the appropriate lipid groups into the lipoprotein. incorporate the appropriate mannose-6-phosphate groups.

incorporate the appropriate DNA sequence with the proper signal.

Of the following cell types, the greatest concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDLs) would be associated with ________ cells.` liver skin muscle connective tissue blood

liver

Pharmacogenetics is a new field of study that arose from the study of phagocytosis by specifically vertebrate white blood cells. ATP-dependent calcium ATPases. residual bodies. mixed-function oxidases. cholesterol uptake.

mixed-function oxidases.

Which of the following organelles are not part of the endomembrane system? smooth endoplasmic reticulum peroxisomes endosomes rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complexes

peroxisomes

Which of the following organelles is associated with the ability to catabolize alkanes found in oil and petroleum products? peroxisomes mitochondria smooth endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes all of the above

peroxisomes

Oxidation of very long fatty acids occurs in the peroxisomes. residual bodies. mitochondria. smooth endoplasmic reticulum. lysosomes.

peroxisomes.

In a longitudinal section of a nerve cell, at the presynaptic site you note a variety of vesicles that are anchored to the plasma membrane. The vesicles must be specialized for polarized secretion. constitutive secretion. regulated secretion. zymogen secretion. none of the above

polarized secretion.

In plants, peroxisomes associated with nitrogen fixation in legumes can be found in great abundance in cotyledons. stems. root nodules. phloem and xylem. leaves.

root nodules.

A protein is destined to be secreted from a cell. In which of the following organelles would you expect to find the protein first? secretory vesicle Golgi apparatus lysosome endosome

Golgi apparatus

Sorting of lysosomal proteins from secretory proteins It is associated with lysosome. It is associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. It is associated with Golgi. It is associated with peroxisomes. It is associated with mitochondria. It is associated with peroxisomes and mitochondria. It is associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. It is associated with endoplasmic reticulum.

It is associated with Golgi.

Biosynthesis of insulin It is associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. It is associated with endoplasmic reticulum. It is associated with Golgi. It is associated with mitochondria. It is associated with peroxisomes and mitochondria. It is associated with peroxisomes. It is associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. It is associated with lysosome.

It is associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi.

Glycosylation of membrane proteins It is associated with Golgi. It is associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. It is associated with endoplasmic reticulum. It is associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. It is associated with peroxisomes and mitochondria. It is associated with peroxisomes. It is associated with mitochondria. It is associated with lysosome.

It is associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi.

Biosynthesis of cholesterol It is associated with Golgi. It is associated with peroxisomes and mitochondria. It is associated with lysosome. It is associated with peroxisomes. It is associated with mitochondria. It is associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

It is associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Biosynthesis of testosterone or estrogen It is associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. It is associated with Golgi. It is associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. It is associated with mitochondria. It is associated with lysosome. It is associated with peroxisomes and mitochondria. It is associated with peroxisomes.

It is associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Hydroxylation of phenobarbital It is associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. It is associated with peroxisomes. It is associated with lysosome. It is associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. It is associated with mitochondria. It is associated with peroxisomes and mitochondria. It is associated with Golgi.

It is associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Which of the following statements is false regarding phagocytosis? In vertebrates, macrophages and neutrophils possess this ability. It involves the projection of pseudopodia. It involves ingestion of large particles by the cell. It is mediated by clathrin at the plasma membrane. It is a method used predominantly by amoeba to obtain food.

It is mediated by clathrin at the plasma membrane.

The endoplasmic reticulum is a site for addition of lipid residues. N-linked glycosylation of polypeptides. potassium storage in muscle cells. drug detoxification by catalase. N-linked glycosylation of polypeptides and drug detoxification by catalase.

N-linked glycosylation of polypeptides.

In a lysosomal storage disease, the hydrolases of lysosomes are released from the cells, rather than being isolated into vesicles. What is one possible mechanism for this result? There is a lack of mannose-6-phosphatase activity. Lysosomal enzymes were not phosphorylated in the rER. There is a mutation in all hydrolase genes that results in loss of the signal peptide. The ER was unable to produce lysosomal vesicles. A proton gradient within vesicles was not generated.

There is a lack of mannose-6-phosphatase activity.

Peroxisomes are bounded by double membranes. are not derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. possess acid phosphatase activity. possess amylase activity. all of the above

are not derived from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Ribosomes that do not anchor to the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum during translation most probably do not make the appropriate anchor protein. have a signal/trafficking error. have a defect in ribosomal proteins that allow attachment to the ER. are synthesizing cytoplasmic proteins. all of the above

are synthesizing cytoplasmic proteins.

Microsomes are organelles of eukaryotic cells. too small to be seen with an electron microscope. artifacts generated during homogenization of cells. organelles through which electrons cannot pass. structures observed in cyanobacteria.

artifacts generated during homogenization of cells.

Compared with the trans-Golgi proteins, the cis-Golgi proteins would be glycosylated and contain amino acid modifications. be glycosylated only. be shorter in length. be identical. contain sialic acid.

be glycosylated only.

A protein that is N-glycosylated is expected to eventually become an endosome. be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. eventually become a peroxisome. be secreted from the cell. be localized in the Golgi body.

be secreted from the cell.

You are isolating cell fractions using a variety of centrifuge techniques. You have two very similar fractions but at this point are unable to discern which fraction is peroxisomes and which is lysosomes. As a result, you need to test the fractions for unique enzyme activities. If you are looking for peroxisomes, one enzyme activity you can test for is cytochrome c oxidase. ATPase. hexokinase. glucose-6-phosphatase. catalase.

catalase.

Which of the following molecules stabilizes the cell membrane during coated pit formation? KDEL signals botulinum toxin stabilin mannose-6-phosphate clatherin

clatherin

Regulatory secretion of hormones would be associated with ________ at the transface of the Golgi.` non-clathrin vesicles microsomes endosomes lysosomes clathrin-coated vesicles

clathrin-coated vesicles

Which of the following is associated with extracellular digestion via release of the contents of lysosomes directly to the environment? fertilization of animal eggs rheumatoid arthritis autophagy fertilization of animal eggs and rheumatoid arthritis fertilization of animal eggs, rheumatoid arthritis, and autophagy

fertilization of animal eggs and rheumatoid arthritis

Bacterial proteins were radioactively labeled and fed to phagocytic cells. The proteins within the phagocytic cell became increasingly more radioactive over time. This observation is the result of the activity of chloroplasts. lysosomes. mitochondria. the Golgi apparatus. peroxisomes.

lysosomes.

All of the following are part of the endomembrane system, except the lysosomes. Golgi body. peroxisomes. endosomes. Neither lysosomes nor Golgi body are part of the endomembrane system.

peroxisomes.

A radioactively labeled protein is made by cells and followed through the various organelles in the secretory pathway. After six hours, all of the radioactivity is still primarily in the Golgi apparatus. This suggests that the protein was not translated by the ribosomes. protein does not possess a signal peptide for localization within the lumen of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. protein possesses a signal for localization within the Golgi apparatus. all of the above

protein possesses a signal for localization within the Golgi apparatus.

The plant cell organelle analogous to the endosome is the glycoxysome. lysosome. peroxisome. provacuole. none of the above

provacuole.

You have genetically engineered a yeast cell to make a protein that will ultimately be secreted from the cell. If all is functioning well, in which order (from first to last) do you expect to find the protein in the cell until it is secreted? rER → Golgi → secretory vesicle → environment sER → Golgi → secretory vesicle → environment rER → secretory vesicle → Golgi → environment rER → Golgi → sER → nucleus → environment nucleus → rER → Golgi → secretory vesicle → environment

rER → Golgi → secretory vesicle → environment

Uptake of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) occurs by simple diffusion. pinocytosis. facilitated transport. bulk-phase endocytosis. receptor-mediated endocytosis.

receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Cells of the pancreas produce and directly release enzymes to the digestive system. The type of secretory mechanism associated with the pancreatic cells is constitutive secretion. regulated secretion. intracellular secretion. consistent secretion. transport secretion.

regulated secretion.

During receptor-mediated endocytosis, the ultimate fate of the vesicle and/or its contents include(s) transcytosis. recycling of receptors. transport to late endosome for digestion. transport to late endosome for digestion and recycling of receptors. transcytosis, transport to late endosome for digestion, and recycling of receptors.

transcytosis, transport to late endosome for digestion, and recycling of receptors.

The organelle of plant cells that is analogous to the lysosome in animal cells is the lysosome. triskelion. vacuole. microsome. endosome.

vacuole.