CH 13

Of those children who are exposed to childhood sexual abuse, about _______ will develop psychological symptoms. a. 50% b. 90% c. 32% d. 25%

a. 50%

Russ has been diagnosed with pedophilia. Which of the following is also likely true of Russ? a. He is very impulsive and has poor social skills. b. He is homosexual. c. He is isolated and introverted. d. He has low anxiety.

a. He is very impulsive and has poor social skills.

Regarding behavioral treatment to alter gender identity, which of the following is true? a. Most individuals with GID reject this option. b. It is more effective with men. c. Success rates have not been examined. d. It is effective when combined with medication.

a. Most individuals with GID reject this option.

. It used to be widely believed that ___________ reduced an 'excessive' sex drive. a. a bland diet b. reduction in physical exertion c. tight, restrictive trousers d. mittens

a. a bland diet

Speculations about the role of hormones in paraphilias center on a. androgens. b. progesterone. c. estrogen. d. All of the above are correct.

a. androgens.

. Occasional symptoms of sexual dysfunctions a. are fairly common. b. typically cause marked distress. c. are only labeled if they reoccur. d. require immediate treatment.

a. are fairly common.

Carlos had a shoe fetish which he wished to overcome. His therapist had him view slides of shoes while giving him mild electric shocks. This is an example of a. aversion therapy. b. systematic desensitization. c. orgasmic reorientation. d. electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT).

a. aversion therapy.

Gender identity disorders almost always begin in a. childhood. b. adolescence. c. early adulthood. d. middle age.

a. childhood.

A behavioral hypothesis regarding the etiology of paraphilias is based on ____________ theory. a. classical conditioning b. Oedipal c. systematic desensitization d. modeling

a. classical conditioning

Research suggests that gender differences in sexuality are a. consistent across cultures. b. vary greatly by culture. c. are more of a result of culture than biology. d. have changed greatly over the centuries.

a. consistent across cultures.

Mark was an exhibitionist, getting sexual gratification only from exposing his genitals to unsuspecting women at bus stops. He went to Dr. Grind, a psychoanalyst, for treatment. What would Dr. Grind view as the cause of Mark's problem? a. fixation at an immature stage and fear of heterosexual relationships b. childhood experience in which he was caught masturbating and found the experience arousing c. castration anxiety leading to extreme hatred of women d. serious marital problems and religious prohibitions

a. fixation at an immature stage and fear of heterosexual relationships

Fetishists are sexually aroused by a. inanimate objects. b. exposing themselves to people while masturbating. c. observing other people engaging in sexual activity. d. children.

a. inanimate objects.

Megan's law involves a. notification of members of a community when a convicted sex offender is released and moving into that neighborhood. b. additional compensation for victims' families following sex crimes. c. more rigid conviction standards for sex offenders. d. mandates intensive therapy for sex offenders following their first offense.

a. notification of members of a community when a convicted sex offender is released and moving into that neighborhood.

In sex-reassignment surgery, a. opposite-sex genitals are constructed and hormones are taken. b. genital transplants are inserted from donors. c. hormones are taken but genitals are left intact. d. secondary features (e.g., Adam's apple, chin, nose) are altered, but genitals are left intact.

a. opposite-sex genitals are constructed and hormones are taken.

Barbara is concerned about her husband's premature ejaculation, which occurs before she reaches orgasm. Which of the following phases of the sexual response cycle is problematic in Barbara's husband? a. orgasm b. excitement c. resolution d. appetitive

a. orgasm

In a study of the role of self-blame and erectile dysfunction, men who were given an internal explanation for their low arousal after watching erotic films a. reported and showed less physiological arousal. b. reported and showed more physiological arousal. c. reported more, but showed less physiological arousal. d. believed they had an erectile dysfunction.

a. reported and showed less physiological arousal.

Bill and Deborah are in sex therapy. One exercise that they are directed to practice involves touching each other and feeling comfortable with contact, but without any sexual intercourse. This intervention is called a. sensate focus. b. sensuality training. c. physical redirecting. d. cognitive restructuring.

a. sensate focus.

The negative cycle leading to child molestation involves a. sexual fantasy while depressed, which leads to additional depression. b. social scorn from others, leading to sexual advances on children. c. family stress, leading to isolation, leading to sexual advances on children. d. None of the above depict a cycle leading to molestation.

a. sexual fantasy while depressed, which leads to additional depression.

One of the main arguments surrounding the inclusion of gender identity disorder in the DSM-IV is a. that its inclusion pathologizes a natural phenomenon which is often found in the animal kingdom. b. that GID is more of a medical disorder than a psychological disorder. c. that due to its rarity, GID should be re-labeled as a sexual disorder NOS. d. that its inclusion encourages people to adopt behaviors of the opposite sex

a. that its inclusion pathologizes a natural phenomenon which is often found in the animal kingdom.

Many object to calling rape a sexual crime as this minimizes the importance of a. the violence of the act. b. the impact on the victim. c. the complex motives involved. d. date rape.

a. the violence of the act.

. Directed masturbation is often used a. to train individuals who have difficulty achieving orgasm. b. as a means for re-directing attention from inappropriate sexual stimuli. c. for excessive sexual appetite. d. as part of a program of treatment for sex offenders.

a. to train individuals who have difficulty achieving orgasm.

Ben can only become sexually aroused when he is wearing women's clothing. He especially enjoys having sexual relations with his wife while he is wearing her garments. Which of the following diagnoses would fit Ben's case? a. transvestism b. transsexualism c. voyeurism d. exhibitionism

a. transvestism

When Sheila attempts to have sexual intercourse, the outer part of her vagina has an involuntary spasm, and it becomes impossible for her to have intercourse. Which of the following DSM-IV diagnoses would fit Sheila's problem a. vaginismus b. dyspareunia c. female orgasmic disorder d. sexual aversion disorder

a. vaginismus

. Which is a common component of psychological treatment of paraphilias? a. Support groups modeled on alcoholics anonymous. b. Challenging distorted beliefs. c. Reinforcing appropriate sex. d. Exercise and diet to reduce urges.

b. Challenging distorted beliefs.

. Which of the following is a current or proximal cause of sexual dysfunctions, according to Masters and Johnson? a. psychosexual trauma b. fear of performance c. excessive intake of alcohol d. homosexual inclinations

b. fear of performance

Which of the following diagnoses is among the most debated in the DSM-IV? a. sexual aversion disorder b. gender identity disorder c. vaginismus d. female sexual arousal disorder

b. gender identity disorder

Inclusion of the label gender identity disorder in DSM has been controversial in part because a. no effective treatments are available. b. inclusion fosters social prejudice. c. diagnosis is highly subjective. d. the label has been misused in court.

b. inclusion fosters social prejudice.

1. In contrast to the general Victorian view, the contemporary Western world believes that ___________ of sexual expression contributes to problems. a. an excess b. inhibition c. the amount d. the type

b. inhibition

. Studies indicate that __________ can interfere with specific sexual arousal. a. erotic films b. low general physiological arousal c. low blood pressure d. relaxation

b. low general physiological arousal

After exhibiting, Ethan said of his victim 'she smiled, so I guess she was amused.' This is an example of a. minimizing sexual intent. b. minimizing consequences. c. attributing blame. d. justifying the cause.

b. minimizing consequences.

One method for measuring sexual arousal to different stimuli involves a. behavioral observations. b. placing measuring devices on the genitals. c. self-report. d. blood pressure assessment.

b. placing measuring devices on the genitals.

Rapists who enter therapy for their behavior do best when a. the groups are highly confrontational. b. they complete the therapy program. c. they receive support from their family. d. they begin dating again.

b. they complete the therapy program.

John would like to have sex-reassignment surgery. Before undergoing treatment, John must a. take a personality test to ensure that he is suitable. b. undergo six to twelve months of living as the desired gender and take part in psychotherapy. c. receive counseling regarding the desirable aspects of his birth gender. d. visit a properly trained physician.

b. undergo six to twelve months of living as the desired gender and take part in psychotherapy.

Hannah reports that she has a low sex drive and sometimes has trouble reaching orgasm. However, when asked by her doctor, she does not report distress or impairment from these symptoms. The most likely diagnosis for Hannah would be a. female orgasmic disorder. b. sexual aversion disorder. c. Hannah would not receive a clinical diagnosis. d. dyspareunia.

c. Hannah would not receive a clinical diagnosis.

Which is commonly offered as a psychological possibility for the development of paraphilias? a. high need for sexual novelty. b. social acceptance of unconventional sex. c. accidental classical conditioning. d. lack of interest in conventional sex.

c. accidental classical conditioning.

Elizabeth is slipping into her nightgown and watching her husband get into bed. She is fantasizing about what they will soon be doing together. In which phase of the human sexual response cycle is Elizabeth at this moment? a. resolution b. orgasm c. appetitive d. excitement

c. appetitive

Ethan engaged in exhibitionism. After one occasion, he remarked to his therapist that his victim 'kept looking at me, like she expected it.' This is an example of a. minimizing sexual intent. b. minimizing consequences. c. attributing blame. d. justifying the cause.

c. attributing blame

The Malleus Maleficarum prescribed what treatment for individuals who took on the persona of the opposite sex? a. psychoanalysis b. past-life regression c. burning at the stake d. hypnosis

c. burning at the stake

Bryant, as part of his treatment for committing incest, was trained to experience empathy for his victims. He was likely receiving a. object-relations psychodynamic therapy. b. behavioral therapy. c. cognitive therapy. d. family therapy.

c. cognitive therapy.

. During the first few days of Masters and Johnson's sex therapy, a. couples are instructed to have sex as often as possible and to practice the techniques they are being taught. b. couples are instructed not to make any changes in their sexual relationship until the assessment period is over. c. couples are instructed not to engage in any sexual activity. d. instructions about sexual activities vary depending on the particular dysfunction being treated.

c. couples are instructed not to engage in any sexual activity.

Which of the following psychological disorders are associated with an increased risk of sexual dysfunction? a. borderline personality disorder and specific phobias b. bipolar disorder and antisocial personality disorder c. depression and anxiety d. generalized anxiety disorder and dependent personality disorder

c. depression and anxiety

Sexual contact with an adult during childhood is most associated with which of the following conditions? a. vaginismus b. premature ejaculation c. female orgasm disorder d. male orgasm disorder

c. female orgasm disorder

A person with gender identity disorder is attracted to people a. from the same sex. b. from the opposite sex. c. from the same or opposite sex. d. with the same sexual orientation.

c. from the same or opposite sex.

The case of John/Joan illustrates a. that gender identity is primarily learned from the environment. b. gender confusion is the net result of being raised as though one were a member of the opposite gender. c. gender identity appears largely biologically based. d. that masculine attributes are internalized, while feminine attributes are externalized.

c. gender identity appears largely biologically based.

The sense of being either male or female is referred to as a. sexual orientation. b. sex role stereotype. c. gender identity. d. Oedipal identification.

c. gender identity.

. Masters and Johnson found that many individuals who have sexual dysfunction a. were college-educated. b. had low socio-economic status. c. had negative views of sexuality. d. were encouraged to express their sexuality at a young age.

c. had negative views of sexuality.

. Jane is finding that her interest in sex has diminished greatly. She not only avoids having sexual contact with her husband, but has even stopped fantasizing and masturbating. Jane would be diagnosed as having which of the following DSM-IV-TR disorders? a. female orgasm disorder b. female sexual arousal disorder c. hypoactive sexual desire disorder d. None of the above are correct.

c. hypoactive sexual desire disorder

A meta-analysis of studies in which men viewed videos containing violent sexual activities indicated that after watching these videos, a. men were more likely to commit violence towards women in the weeks following the viewing of the videos. b. men were less likely to report that violence towards women was acceptable. c. men were more likely to report that violence towards women was acceptable. d. men were more sexually aroused after watching violent sexual activities than non-violent sexual activities.

c. men were more likely to report that violence towards women was acceptable.

Children whose mothers had abnormal hormone levels during pregnancy tend to have a. childhood gender identity disorder. b. abnormal hormone levels. c. opposite-gender play. d. cross-dressing tendencies.

c. opposite-gender play.

The traditional psychoanalytic theory about sexual dysfunctions views them as rooted in a. excessive masturbation in childhood. b. a deep-seated fear of intimacy. c. repressed conflicts which are incompatible with sexual pleasure. d. lack of gratification of oral needs in infancy.

c. repressed conflicts which are incompatible with sexual pleasure.

People usually receive the diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire disorder because a. they are concerned about their inability to enjoy sexual fantasies. b. they come for treatment of an orgasmic disorder which is found to have a basis in hypoactive sexual desire disorder. c. someone else wants them to be more active sexually. d. they wish to have children and recognize that their sexual problem must first be treated.

c. someone else wants them to be more active sexually.

Child molesters frequently deny that they are forcing themselves on the victim because a. they leave no physical marks. b. they threaten the child to deny the incident. c. there is rarely physical force, but instead coercion. d. the child may not understand the significance of being molested.

c. there is rarely physical force, but instead coercion.

One of the difficulties in proving that sexual abuse took place is that a. children are easily biased when they are questioned about possible sexual abuse. b. there is no consistent set of behavioral symptoms indicating that abuse has happened. c. there is rarely physical evidence. d. All of the above are correct.

d. All of the above are correct.

In the Green and Fleming (1990) review, which of the following factors were found to predict successful adjustment following sex-reassignment surgery? a. adequate understanding of the limitations of surgery b. emotional stability c. psychotherapy in the context of a gender-identity program d. All of the above choices are correct.

d. All of the above choices are correct.

62. Hunter frequently enjoys having sadistic sexual fantasies while looking at hardcore pornographic magazines and videotapes, and he sometimes visits clubs that cater to people seeking sadomasochistic partnerships. He has never experienced any distress or impairment from his urges and behavior. Which of the following DSM-IV disorders would fit Hunter's case? a. voyeurism b. sexual sadism c. fetishism d. None of the above are correct.

d. None of the above are correct.

What are the results of research into a hormonal basis for gender identity disorder? a. No hormonal differences have been found. b. Hormonal factors are always important. c. Hormonal differences predispose individuals to gender identity disorder. d. The few differences found only explain some aspects of gender identity disorder.

d. The few differences found only explain some aspects of gender identity disorder.

Theo was convicted of rape. During his examination, he remarked that he did it because his girlfriend did not engage in sex with him. This is an illustration of a. minimizing sexual intent. b. minimizing consequences. c. attributing blame. d. justifying the cause.

d. justifying the cause.

According to traditional psychoanalytic theory about sexual dysfunctions, a woman with vaginismus a. is trying to frustrate her partner. b. is frigid. c. is probably fixated at the oral stage of development. d. may be expressing hostility toward men.

d. may be expressing hostility toward men.

Child molesters are usually a. women, contrary to popular images. b. other children. c. strangers who molest children out of anger, not for sexual gratification. d. men whom the child knows.

d. men whom the child knows.

Which of the following appears to be a common cause of gender identity disorder in children? a. parents who allow cross-gender play interests b. mothers who took hormones during pregnancy c. fathers who do not provide clear role models d. parents who actively encourage cross-dressing

d. parents who actively encourage cross-dressing

Transvestic fetishism a. typically disappears by adulthood. b. is part of gender identity disorder. c. occurs equally in men and women. d. requires sexual arousal.

d. requires sexual arousal.