Ch 13 - Practice Test

Many of the symptoms associated with iron deficiency are often mistaken for behavioral or motivational problems. a. True b. False

A. TRUE

Which trace mineral is a component of two thyroid hormones that help regulate growth, development, and metabolic rate? a. Iodine b. Selenium c. Copper d. Manganese

a. Iodine

Which of the following occurs in the first stage of iron deficiency? a. Iron stores decline. b. Hemoglobin levels fall. c. Red blood cell count falls. d. Hemoglobin synthesis declines.

a. Iron stores decline.

Which food provides the most selenium? a. Clams b. Brazil nuts c. Liver d. Spinach

b. Brazil nuts

Which of the following statements is NOT true of iodine? a. Iodine is an integral part of thyroid hormone. b. Plants of the cabbage family naturally contain goitrogens, which stimulate iodine uptake by the thyroid gland, increasing its hormone production. c. Children with a mild iodine deficiency will have goiters and perform poorly in school. d. A woman with a severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy may give birth to a child with cretinism, which is characterized by an extreme and irreversible mental impairment and stunted physical growth.

b. Plants of the cabbage family naturally contain goitrogens, which stimulate iodine uptake by the thyroid gland, increasing its hormone production.

Which compound in coffee and tea reduces iron absorption? a. Phytates b. Tannic acid c. MFP factor d. Heme

b. Tannic acid

Which of the following statements regarding iron is NOT true? a. Vegetarians need 1.8 times more iron as compared with omnivores to make up for the low bioavailability of iron in their food selections. b. The bioavailability of iron is high in meats, fish, and poultry; intermediate in grains and legumes; and low in most vegetables, especially those containing oxalates, such as spinach. c. Foods, especially acidic foods, cooked in iron cookware take up iron salts released from the pan, and this iron source is absorbed well. d. Iron supplements are absorbed better when taken between meals or on an empty stomach with liquids (other than milk, tea, or coffee, which inhibit absorption) rather than with meals.

c. Foods, especially acidic foods, cooked in iron cookware take up iron salts released from the pan, and this iron source is absorbed well.

Which food component is an isoflavone found in soy foods that inhibit blood vessel development and alters estrogen activity in the body? a. Lignans b. Lycopene c. Genistein d. Plant sterols

c. Genistein

All of the following statements regarding what lead does in the body are true, EXCEPT: a. Lead is chemically similar to iron, calcium, and zinc, and displaces them from some metabolic sites they normally occupy so that they are unable to perform their functions. b. Lead interacts with white blood cells, impairing their ability to fight infection. c. Lead competes with calcium in the brain so that it can signal messages from nerve cells. d. Lead competes with iron in heme, but it cannot carry oxygen.

c. Lead competes with calcium in the brain so that it can signal messages from nerve cells.

Which mineral interaction, deficiency, or toxicity is NOT described accurately? a. A selenium deficiency halts the activation of the iodine-containing thyroid hormone. b. A slight manganese overload may worsen iron deficiency. c. Zinc influences the synthesis, storage, and release of insulin, while chromium enhances insulin activity. d. Iron deficiency makes the body more susceptible to lead poisoning.

c. Zinc influences the synthesis, storage, and release of insulin, while chromium enhances insulin activity.

Red peppers, tomatoes, pink grapefruit, and watermelon are rich in ____________, which may defend against cancer and heart disease by protecting DNA from oxidative damage. a. Indoles b. Limonenes c. Flavonoids d. Lycopene

d. Lycopene

Which of the following is NOT a role of zinc? a. Zinc is a part of insulin and many enzymes. b. Zinc assists in immune function and in growth and development. c. Zinc is needed to make retinol-binding protein that transports vitamin A. d. Zinc does not influence behavior and learning performance.

d. Zinc does not influence behavior and learning performance.

Because it is difficult to excrete iron once it is in the body, iron balance is maintained primarily through absorption. The iron storage protein _________ captures surplus iron from food and stores it in the mucosal cells of the small intestine. When the body needs iron, the storage protein releases some iron to an iron transport protein _______ . If the body does not need iron, the dietary iron is carried out when the intestinal cells are shed (every three to five days) and excreted in the feces.

ferritin transferrin

Fill in the left column with the trace mineral corresponding to the deficiency symptoms . Anemia growth retardation, impaired immune function goiter, cretnism keshan disease bone abnormalities rare

toxicity symptoms Gastrointestinal GI distress vomiting, diarrhea, headache elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Goiter Rash, fatigue, garlic breath odor liver damage nervous system disorders Trace mineral Iron zinc iodine selenium copper manganese

The trace minerals have very low daily requirements. They can be toxic at levels 2.5 to 11 times above current recommendations.

true