Ch. 13 Sentence Structure
Comma Splice
Two sentences joined incorrectly by a comma instead of a conjunction, period, or semicolon
Sentence Fragment
a group of words that does not express a complete thought; missing a subject, verb, or both
subordinating conjunction
after, although, as, when, while, until, because, before, if, since, etc. Used at the beginning of a dependent clause
Dependent Clause
cannot stand alone as a sentence; Begins with a subordinating conjunction, relative pronoun, or relative adverb
FANBOYS
coordnating cojunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Adverb Clause
dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb *begins with a subordinating conjunction
compound-complex sentence
has a compound sentence (2 or more independent clauses) and at least 1 dependent clause
simple sentence
has a subject and predicate; independent clause
subject
the noun or pronoun doing the action
Should we start class now, or should we wait for everyone to get here?
Compound Sentence
Independent Clause
A complete thought that can stand on its own.
Because my coffee was too cold, I heated it in the microwave.
Complex Sentence
I burned dinner because I was watching The Walking Dead, but not the cake because I started paying attention to the oven timer when I smelled smoke.
Compound-Complex Sentence
I walked to the store to buy some groceries.
Simple Sentence
Noun Clause
a dependent clause that acts as a noun; begin with words such as how, that, what, whatever, when, where, whether, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, and why.
Adjective Clause
a dependent clause that modifies a noun or pronoun; begins with a relative pronoun
predicate
the verb, the action
Run-On Sentence
two or more sentences joined incorrectly as one; lacks adequate punctuation or conjunctions
compound sentence
uses a comma and a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon to join two or more independent clauses
complex sentence
uses a subordinating conjunction to join an independent clause and a dependent clause