Ch 13. Spinal Cord and Reflexes Assignments

The denticulate ligaments are extensions of which meninx? Multiple choice question. Dura mater Pia mater Arachnoid mater

Pia mater

What is a reflex involving one or more interneurons called? Multiple choice question. Innate Monosynaptic Autonomic Polysynaptic

Polysynaptic

Which ramus of a spinal nerve innervates the local muscles, joints, and skin of the back? Multiple choice question. Anterior Meningeal Posterior

Posterior

A ____ is a cluster of neuron cell bodies found outside of the CNS.

ganglion, ganglia, or Ganglion

Spinal nerves are described as _____ nerves because they carry both afferent and efferent signals.

mixed or Mixed

A ____ reflex arc consists of only one synapse between two neurons.

monosynaptic or Monosynaptic

A _____ reflex arc consists of only one synapse between two neurons.

monosynaptic or Monosynaptic

Each spinal cord segment gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves. How many pairs of spinal nerves are typically present in an adult? Multiple choice question. 25 62 31 12

31

How many spinal nerves are in each region of the spinal cord in order from superior to inferior? Multiple choice question. 7,12,5,5,1 8,12,5,5,1 7,12,5,1,1

8,12,5,5,1

What is a region of the spinal cord supplied by a pair of spinal nerves called? Multiple choice question. An enlargement A partition A dermatome A segment

A segment

What are the four components of a monosynaptic somatic reflex arc? Multiple select question. Efferent nerve fiber Skeletal muscle Sympathetic motor nerve fibers Visceral receptors Association fibers Cardiac muscle Receptor in skin, muscle or tendon Afferent nerve fiber

Efferent nerve fiber Skeletal muscle Receptor in skin, muscle or tendon Afferent nerve fiber

What is the loose connective tissue surrounding an individual nerve fiber called? Multiple choice question. Perineurium Endoneurium Epineurium Perimysium

Endoneurium

What are the four components of a monosynaptic somatic reflex arc? Multiple select question. Skeletal muscle Association fibers Afferent nerve fiber Efferent nerve fiber Visceral receptors Rece

Skeletal muscle Afferent nerve fiber Efferent nerve fiber Receptor in skin, muscle or tendon

A somatic fiber innervates which of the following? Multiple choice question. Localized organs in the head Blood vessels, glands, and viscera Skin, skeletal muscles, bones, and joints

Skin, skeletal muscles, bones, and joints

Where is the white matter in the spinal cord? Multiple choice question. Superficial to the gray matter Distal to the gray matter Deep to the gray matter Inferior to the gray matter

Superficial to the gray matter

True or false: Muscle spindles sense changes in muscle length and are therefore proprioceptors. True false question. True False

True

External to the neurilemma of a nerve fiber is the layer of loose connective tissue that surrounds a nerve fiber called a(n) ____.

endoneurium or Endoneurium

The ____ space is located between the vertebrae and the dural sheath around the spinal cord.

epidural or Epidural

Each pair of spinal nerves serves a part of the spinal cord called a spinal _______

segment

What is the gray commissure of the spinal cord? Multiple choice question. A band of gray matter connecting the gray matter of the left side with the gray matter of the right side An area of gray matter connecting the posterior horn with the posterior rootlets entering the spinal cord An area of gray matter connecting the anterior horn with the anterior rootlet leaving the spinal cord

A band of gray matter connecting the gray matter of the left side with the gray matter of the right side

What is a reflex? Multiple choice question. A stereotyped, involuntary response to a stimulus A sensation of pain or pressure A series of nerve signals resulting in voluntary skeletal muscle contraction

A stereotyped, involuntary response to a stimulus

What is a muscle spindle? Multiple choice question. A receptor located in a tendon near its junction with a muscle A type of stretch receptor embedded in skeletal muscle A receptor in the dermis sensitive to deep pressure and vibration

A type of stretch receptor embedded in skeletal muscle

The _____ horns of the spinal cord contain the cell bodies of outgoing somatic motor neurons.

Anterior

Within the spinal cord, which tracts carry information up to the brain? Multiple choice question. Ascending Descending Deep Superficial

Ascending

A nerve fiber refers to which part of a neuron? Multiple choice question. Axon Cell body Dendrite

Axon

The bundle of nerves inferior to the medullary cone of the spinal cord is called the _____ _____.

Blank 1: cauda Blank 2: equina

What is the white matter of the spinal cord? Multiple choice question. Bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated axons found superficial to the gray matter Collections of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses found superficial to the gray matter

Bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated axons found superficial to the gray matter

The anterior rami of spinal nerves form which nerve plexuses? Multiple choice question. Thoracic, lumbar, sacral Cervical, lumbar, sacral Cervical, thoracic, lumbar Cervical, thoracic, sacral

Cervical, lumbar, sacral

Which rami connect the anterior rami to the sympathetic chain? Multiple choice question. Communicating Intercostal Ganglionic Meningeal

Communicating

The spinal cord contains ascending and descending nerve fibers that send information between the CNS and the periphery. This illustrates which function of the spinal cord? Multiple choice question. Conduction Neural integration Locomotion Reflexes

Conduction

In which reflex does a contralateral extensor muscle contract? Multiple choice question. Stretch Tendon Withdrawal Crossed extension

Crossed extension

What factor accounts for the fact that the right side of the brain communicates with the left side of the body, and vice versa? Multiple choice question. Decussation Its length Where it terminates Its thickness

Decussation

Which are extensions of the pia mater that anchor the spinal cord? Multiple choice question. Terminal ligaments Denticulate ligaments Coccygeal ligaments

Denticulate ligaments

Within the spinal cord, which tracts carry motor signals down from the brain? Multiple choice question. Association Commissural Ascending Descending

Descending

Pain during childbirth is often managed by injecting an anesthetic into which space? Multiple choice question. Subarachnoid Epidural Parietal

Epidural

______ fibers are working muscle fibers outside a muscle spindle.

Extrafusal or extrafusal

True or false: A reflex involving one or more interneurons is a monosynaptic reflex. True false question. True False

False

True or false: Severing a sensory nerve root will completely deaden sensation from a dermatome. True false question. True False

False

Within a nerve, nerve fibers are gathered into bundles called what? Multiple choice question. Fascicles Columns Tracts

Fascicles

How are the spinal cord regions named? Multiple choice question. For the region of the vertebral column that surrounds it For the level of vertebral column from which its spinal nerves emerge For the spinal nerves that emerge from the region

For the level of vertebral column from which its spinal nerves emerge

What is a cluster of neuron cell bodies located outside of the CNS called? Multiple choice question. Commissure Nucleus Ganglion Ramus

Ganglion

Where are the neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses found in the CNS? Multiple choice question. White Matter Gray Matter

Gray Matter

What is the site of synaptic integration in the spinal cord? Multiple choice question. Dura mater White matter Gray matter Arachnoid mater

Gray matter

What is the site of synaptic integration in the spinal cord? Multiple choice question. White matter Gray matter Arachnoid mater Dura mater

Gray matter

All spinal nerves except C1 pass through which structure to emerge from the vertebral column? Multiple choice question. Vertebral foramen Intervertebral foramen Transverse foramen

Intervertebral foramen

______ muscle fibers are modified muscle fibers within a muscle spindle.

Intrafusal or intrafusal

Which are functions of the spinal cord? Multiple select question. Locomotion Reflexes Cognition Conduction Transduction

Locomotion Reflexes Conduction

Based on the presence of both efferent and afferent fibers, spinal nerves are classified as which of the following? Multiple choice question. Mixed Motor Sensory

Mixed

What are intrafusal fibers? Multiple choice question. Working muscle fibers outside of a muscle spindle Modified muscle fibers within a muscle spindle

Modified muscle fibers within a muscle spindle

Which type of reflex arc consists of only an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron? Multiple choice question. Innate Monosynaptic Acquired Polysynaptic

Monosynaptic

The anterior root of a spinal nerve contain axons of which neurons? Multiple choice question. Motor Sensory

Motor

Define extrafusal fibers. Multiple choice question. Muscle fibers within a muscle spindle Muscle fibers outside of a muscle spindle

Muscle fibers outside of a muscle spindle

Which is a type of stretch receptor embedded in skeletal muscle? Multiple choice question. Muscle sensor Muscle organ Muscle fiber Muscle spindle

Muscle spindle

Which ramus of a spinal nerve innervates the local muscles, joints, and skin of the back? Multiple choice question. Meningeal Anterior Posterior

Posterior

Which ramus of a spinal nerve innervates the local muscles, joints, and skin of the back? Multiple choice question. Meningeal Posterior Anterior

Posterior

What are the three funiculi of white matter found in the spinal cord? Multiple select question. Descending funiculus Ascending funiculus Posterior funiculus Ventral funiculus Commissure funiculus Lateral funiculus

Posterior funiculus Ventral funiculus Lateral funiculus

Which spinal cord areas are composed of gray matter? Multiple select question. Lateral funiculus Posterior horn Anterior horn Anterior funiculus Gray commissure

Posterior horn Anterior horn Gray commissure

Muscle spindles are classified as what type of receptor? Multiple choice question. Chemoreceptor Nociceptor Proprioceptor Baroreceptor

Proprioceptor

Which accurately describes a reflex? Multiple choice question. Spontaneous, limited, prolonged Conscious response to painful stimulus, stereotyped Quick, involuntary, stereotyped

Quick, involuntary, stereotyped

Moving peripherally from the spinal cord, which anterior and posterior structures form a spinal nerve? Multiple choice question. Horns Columns Roots

Roots

Which are nerve plexuses of the body? Multiple select question. Sacral Thoracic Cervical Lumbar Brachial Femoral

Sacral Cervical Lumbar Brachial

The somas of which neurons are found within the posterior root ganglion? Multiple choice question. Sensory Association Motor

Sensory

Unlike visceral fibers that innervate blood vessels, glands, and viscera, ______ nerve fibers innervate skin, skeletal muscles, bones, and joints. Multiple choice question. Visceral Motor Somatic

Somatic

What effect does severing a sensory root that innervates a dermatome have? Multiple choice question. Some sensation may remain. All sensation from the dermatome will be lost.

Some sensation may remain.

which is responsible for the inhibition of antagonistic contraction during a reflex response? Multiple choice question. Efferent neurons of the reflex arc stimulate spinal cord interneurons which in turn inhibit alpha neurons to the antagonists. Spinal cord interneurons inhibit alpha neurons to the antagonists. Reflex afferent neurons stimulate alpha neurons within the spinal cord; these inhibit the antagonists.

Spinal cord interneurons inhibit alpha neurons to the antagonists.

Which are properties of a reflex. Multiple select question. Stereotyped Easily suppressible Involuntary Requires stimulation Consciously aware Quick

Stereotyped Involuntary Requires stimulation Quick

Which neurons would need to be inhibited in order for reciprocal inhibition to occur? Multiple choice question. The alpha motor neurons to the antagonistic muscle The afferent neurons of the reflex arc The efferent neurons of the reflex arc

The alpha motor neurons to the antagonistic muscle

What is the subarachnoid space? Multiple choice question. The space between the dura mater and arachnoid mater The space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater The space between the vertebral bones and the dural sheath

The space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater

The communicating rami connect the anterior rami to which of the following? Multiple choice question. The plexuses The sympathetic chain The intercostal nerves The meninges

The sympathetic chain

_____ matter is composed of myelinated and unmyelinated axons and is superficial to the gray matter of the spinal cord.

White or white

The left and right sides of the gray matter in the spinal cord are connected by the gray _______

commissure

A reflex in which a contralateral extensor muscle is contracted is called a ____ extension reflex.

crossed or Crossed

Because the nerve tracts of the spinal cord undergo _____ , the right side of the brain communicates with the left side of the body, and vice versa.

decussation

All spinal nerves except C1 pass through a(n) _____ foramen to emerge from the vertebral column.

intervertebral or Intervertebral

The ______ are a series of fibrous connective tissue membranes covering the central nervous system. Multiple choice question. cauda equina meninges medullary cones ventricles

meninges

The ______ are a series of fibrous connective tissue membranes covering the central nervous system. Multiple choice question. ventricles meninges cauda equina medullary cones

meninges

A ____ is a cordlike organ composed of numerous nerve fibers (fascicles) bound together by connective tissue.

nerve, nerves, or Nerve

A _____ is a rapid, involuntary response to a stimulus.

reflex

Moving peripherally from the spinal cord, the anterior and posterior _____ form the spinal nerve.

roots, root, or Roots

The space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater is called the ____ space.

subarachnoid or Subarachnoid

A _____ reflex occurs in response to excessive tension on a tendon.

tendon or Tendon