Ch. 14 APUSH- 11/28/16

The influx of immigrants to the United States tripled, then quadrupled, in the

1840s and 1850s.

Between 1830 and 1860, nearly ______ million Irish arrived in America.

2

German immigrants to the United States

Came to escape economic hardships and autocratic government.

The initial waves of Irish immigrants typically worked in all of the following occupations EXCEPT

Coopers.

Eli Whitney was instrumental in the invention of the

Cotton gin.

The canal era of American history began in 1817 with the construction of the

Erie Canal.

By the time of the fabled London World´s Fair in 1851, American products were prominent among the world´s commercial wonders, which included all of the following EXCEPT

Ford's automobile.

Immigrants coming to the United States before 1860

Helped to fuel economic expansion.

The American phase of the industrial revolution first blossomed

In the New England textile industry.

All of the following are true statements about the relationship between Irish immigrants and U.S. citizens EXCEPT

Irish immigrants became fiercely supportive of the abolitionist cause.

The first major transportation project in the United States, which ran sixty-two miles and was completed in the 1790s, that proved to be a stimulus for western economic developments was the

Lancaster Turnpike.

Whether they were propertied or landless, immigrants were often enticed to leave their homelands by

Letters from family or friends in the U.S., bragging about easy opportunities for wealth.

The early factory system distributed its economic benefits

Mostly to the owners.

What did Cyrus McCormick invent?

Mower-reaper.

Even though capital was lacking, were raw materials widely developed and discovered in America from colonial times through the 1840s?

NO

The sentiment of fear and opposition to open immigration was called

Nativism.

Most early railroads in the United States were built in the

North.

Native-born Protestant Americans feared that Catholic immigrants to the United States would

Outbreed, outvote, and eventually overwhelm politically, socially, and culturally the Protestant native-born citizens of culture of America.

Ireland´s great export in the 1840s was

People.

German immigrants in the early nineteenth-century tended to

Preserve their own language and culture.

When German immigrants came to the United States, they

Prospered with astonishing ease.

The dramatic growth of American cities between 1800 and 1860

Resulted in unsanitary conditions in many communities.

The ¨Father of the Factory System¨ in the United States was

Samuel Slater

What did Elias Howe invent?

Sewing machine

As a result of the development of the cotton gin

Slavery revived and expanded.

Most of the cotton produced in the American South after the invention of the cotton gin was

Sold to England for production of textiles in their mills.

A great deal of the cotton produced in the American South in the early nineteenth century was

Sold to New England textile mills.

What did Robert Fulton invent?

Steamboat

The American workforce in the early nineteenth century was characterized by

Substantial employment of women and children in factories.

What did Samuel Morse invent?

Telegraph.

Native-born Protestant Americans distrusted and resented the Irish immigrants for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

The Irish immigrants were very slow to learn American English and mostly spoke Gaelic in their urban neighborhoods.

Those nativists who were frightened by the rapid influx of Irish immigrants organized in 1849

The Order of the Star-Spangled Banner.

One reason that the condition of a significant segment of adult wage earners improved was

The enfranchisement of labeling man.

The overwhelming event for Ireland in the 1840s was

The rebellion against British rule and potato famine.

The underlying basis for modern mass production was

The use of interchangeable parts.

All of the following are true statements about German immigrants EXCEPT

They typically settled in Northeast coastal cities.

While the Irish flocked to the United States in the 1840s, they stayed in the larger seaboard cities because they

Were too poor to move west and buy land.

A major economic consequence of the transportation and marketing revolutions was

a gradual, steady improvement in average wages and standards of living for all workers including unskilled workers.

All of the following were legal questions raised as a result of the new market economy EXCEPT

can a democratic government still support slavery?

Compared with canals, railroads

could be built almost anywhere with sufficient financial capital.

Life on the frontier was

downright grim for most pioneer families.

For women, life on the frontier was especially difficult because they

experienced extreme loneliness and mental breakdowns for weeks without seeing another person.

With the development of cash-crop agriculture in the trans-Allegheny West

farmers quickly faced mounting indebtness.

Construction of the Erie Canal

forced some New England farmers to move or change occupations.

The cult of domesticity

glorified the traditional role of women as homemakers.

All of the following gave rise to a more dynamic, market-oriented, national economy in early nineteenth-century America EXCEPT

government regulation of all major economic activity.

In the new continental economy, each region specialized in a particular economic activity: the South ______ for export; the West grew grains and livestock to feed ______; and the East ______ for the other two regions.

grew cotton, eastern factory workers, made machines and textiles

In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842), the supreme court of Massachusetts ruled that

labor unions were not illegal conspiracies in Massachusetts provided that their strategies and tactics were honorable and peaceful.

One of the primary goals of the child-centered family of the early-mid 1800s was to

raise independent individuals who would become responsible citizens of the American republic.

Western road building in the early 1800s faced all of the following problems EXCEPT

rigorous economic competition from steamboat traffic, which undermined the argument for improved and more connecting western roads.

The effect of early-nineteenth-century industrialization on the trans-Allegheny West was to encourage

specialized, cash-crop agriculture.

In general, ______ tended to bind the West and South together, while ______ and ______ connected West to East.

steamboats, canals, railroads

As the new continental market economy grew

the home came to be viewed as a refuge from the workday world.

George Catlin advocated

the preservation of nature as a national policy.

Ecological imperialism, as exemplified during the American historical period of 1790-1860, can best be described as

the wanton, heedless exploitation of natural resources by humans aggressively engaged in economic development and trade.

All of the following are true statements about the workers in the Lowell factory system EXCEPT

they worked a maximum five days a week for eight hours a day.

In early nineteenth-century America, the

urban population was growing at an unprecedented rate.

Early-nineteenth-century American families

were getting smaller.

Pioneering Americans marooned by geography

were often ill informed, superstitious, provincial, and fiercely individualistic.

The major application for steamboats transporting freight and passengers in the United States was on

western and southern rivers.