Ch. 14 Smartbook--An Introduction to Host Defenses and Innate Immunities
A system of vessels and organs that serve as sites for the development of immune cells, immune surveillance, and immune reactions is the _________ system.
lymphatic
Lymph is transported through a system of _______ vessels.
lymphatic
Organs and tissues of both the circulatory system proper as well as the ________ system comprise the circulatory system.
lymphatic
The spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and GALT are all components of the ________ system.
lymphatic
The group of leukocytes that includes B cells, NK cells, and T cells, are known generally as _________.
lymphocytes
A large, phagocytic white blood cell, derived from a monocyte, that leaves the circulation and plays a role in specific immune reactions while residing in tissues is called a(n) ___________.
macrophage
Monocytes may leave the circulation and differentiate into __________.
macrophages
All organs and tissues contain a network of fibers and macrophages called the ________ system.
mononuclear phagocyte
The host defenses include ________ immunity, which is present at birth, and ________ immunity which is acquired over time and specific in its action.
natural adaptive
Leukocytes that circulate in the blood in high numbers but spend most of their life in the tissues serving as phagocytes are _____________.
neutrophils
Which type of leukocytes have conspicuous, lobed nuclei and fine, pale lavender granules?
neutrophils
Which of the following are granulocytes?
neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
In addition to phagocytosis and initiation of inflammation, white blood cells have the capacity to discover foreign substances using surface receptors known as __________.
pattern recognition receptors
The mononuclear ______ system is a network of fibers and macrophages that permeates the tissues of the body.
phagocyte
Body compartments that participate in immune function are the mononuclear ________ system, _______ fluid, the ________, and the lymphatic system.
phagocyte extracellular bloodstream
The main role of neutrophils is ________.
phagocytosis
What is the main role of neutrophils?
phagocytosis
Inborn, nonspecific defenses include ________, _______, and _________ barriers.
physical chemical genetic
The fluid portion of the blood that carries proteins, nutrients, and clotting factors, and in which blood cells are normally suspended, is. ___________.
plasma
Readily distinguished from cells by their small size, ______ are formed elements in the blood that are involved in blood clotting and hemostasis.
platelets
If a sample contains erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets suspended in plasma, the sample is called __________.
whole blood
A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and is involved in the production of antibodies for humoral immunity is called a _______ lymphocyte.
B
A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and is involved in the production of antibodies for humoral immunity is called a ________ lymphocyte.
B
Which motile granulocytes function in inflammatory events and allergies by releasing histamine?
Basophils
Hematopoiesis is the process by which _________ cells are formed in the red bone marrow.
Blood
Which of the following are primary lymphoid organs where lymphocytes are formed or reside?
Bone marrow Thymus gland
Red blood cells are called _________.
Erythrocytes
The scientific term for a red blood cell is ____________.
Erythrocytes
Which of the following is not found in blood plasma?
Formed elements
Which large agranulocytes are the precursors to macrophages and dendritic cells?
Free movement between lymphoid organs and connective tissue Production of antibodies when activated Maturation in the bone marrow
Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils all belong to which type of leukocytes?
Granulocytes
What is the process by which blood cells are formed in bone marrow?
Hematopoiesis
The study of all features of the body's second and third lines of defense is __________.
Immunology
Match each type of host defense with the correct statement about the defense. Innate Adaptive Choices: Acquired over time Present at birth
Innate <---------> Present at birth Adaptive <---------> Acquired over time
Which of the following are secondary lymphoid organs where encounters with microbes and immune responses take place?
Lymph nodes Spleen
The second most predominant type of leukocyte in circulation is the __________.
Lymphocyte
A large agranulocyte that differentiates into macrophages and dendritic cells is a(n) ___________.
Monocyte
Which large agranulocytes are the precursors to macrophages and dendritic cells?
Monocytes
Which of the following are characteristics of B lymphocytes?
Monocytes
White blood cells carry a variety of _______ _________ receptors that allow them to detect foreign substances.
Pattern Recognition
Formed elements in the blood that are involved in hemostasis and blood clotting are ___________.
Platelets
Which lines of defense are part of immunology?
Second Third
The liquid connective tissue that consists of cells such as erythrocytes and leukocytes, along with platelets suspended in plasma, is _________ ________.
Whole Blood
When viewing leukocytes under a light microscope, staining with a hematologic stain produces some cells with granular structures in the cytoplasm. Leukocytes that do not have visible cytoplasmic granules under these conditions are called ______________.
agranulocytes
White blood cells with an unlobed, rounded nucleus and the absence of tiny inclusions in their cytoplasm are referred to as ____________.
agranulocytes
Which of the following is NOT a nonspecific host defense?
antibody production
Histamine-releasing granulocytic leukocytes include mast cells and __________.
basophils
The system of vessels that transport lymph are built along the lines of __________ vessels.
blood
Granulocytes that are distinguished in a stain preparation by their larger, orange to red granules and bilobed nucleus are ___________.
eosinophils
White blood cells that make up 1% to 3% of the total WBC count, and that contain granules with lysozyme, peroxidase, and other digestive enzymes, are _______.
eosinophils
White blood cells that make up 1% to 3% of the total WBC count, and that contain granules with lysozyme, peroxidase, and other digestive enzymes, are ____________.
eosinophils
The structure and position of the body compartments that participate in the immune system, after the formation of immune cells, allows ___________ interchange and communication.
extensive
The study of all features of the body's second and third lines of defense is ____________.
immunology
The circulatory system consists of the organs and tissues of both the _______ and _______.
circulatory system proper lymphatic system
