Ch 14

existential therapy

An insight therapy that focuses on the elemental problems of existence, such as death, meaning, choice, and responsibility; emphasizes making courageous life choices.

somatic therapy

Any bodily therapy, such as drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, or psychosurgery.

psychosurgery

Any surgical alteration of the brain designed to bring about desirable behavioral or emotional changes.

behavior therapy

Any therapy designed to actively change behavior.

token economy

Behavior modification in which desired behaviors earn objects that can be exchanged for positive reinforcers.

According to behavior therapists is deep insight into one's problems always necessary for improvement?

Behavior therapists believe that deep insight into one's problems is often unnecessary for improvement. Instead, they try to directly alter troublesome actions and thoughts. Shanika didn't need to probe into her past or her emotions and conflicts; she simply wanted to overcome her fear of flying.

anti-anxiety drugs (anxiolytics)

(ANG-zee-eh LIT-ik) Medications that produce relaxation or reduce anxiety.

If given descriptions of operant conditioning examples (of the four basic contingenciesor extinction), be able to diagram them. *You will not be tested on this item until Exam5. That way you have time to practice diagramming on Assignment 2

Ch6

If given operant conditioning diagrams (for the four basic contingencies or extinction),be able to identify which kind of contingency they are. *You will not be tested on thisitem until Exam 5. That way you have time to practice diagramming on Assignment 2.

Ch6

2. Action therapies

Change behavior

8. ... REBT

Changing thought patterns

7. Existential therapy

Choice and becoming

all-or-nothing thinking

Classifying objects or events as absolutely right or wrong, good or bad, acceptable or unacceptable, and so forth.

unconditional positive regard

Complete, unqualified acceptance of another person as he or she is.

deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Electrical stimulation of precisely targeted brain regions; a surgical procedure is necessary to implant electrodes in the brain that allow for the stimulation.

psychoanalysis

A Freudian therapy that emphasizes the use of free association, dream interpretation, resistances, and transference to uncover unconscious conflicts.

interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)

A brief dynamic psychotherapy designed to help people by improving their relationships with other people

therapeutic alliance

A caring relationship that unites a therapist and a client in working to solve the client's problems.

halfway house

A community-based facility for individuals making the transition from an institution (mental hospital, prison, and so forth) to independent living.

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A device that uses magnetic pulses to temporarily block activity in specific parts of the brain.

systematic desensitization

A reduction in fear, anxiety, or aversion brought about by planned exposure to aversive stimuli.

psychodrama

A therapy in which clients act out personal conflicts and feelings in the presence of others who play supporting roles.

Culturally skilled therapists do all but one of the following. Which one does not apply?

Adapt standard techniques to match cultural stereotypes

Currently, the frontal lobotomy is the most widely used form of psychosurgery. T or F?

False

Deinstitutionalization is an advanced form of partial hospitalization. T or F?

False

ECT is a modern form of pharmacotherapy. T or F?

False

In EMDR therapy, computer-generated virtual reality images are used to expose clients to fear-provoking stimuli. T or F?

False

In psychodrama, people attempt to form meaningful wholes out of disjointed thoughts, feelings, and actions. T or F?

False

Systematic desensitization has three basic steps: constructing a hierarchy, flooding the person with anxiety, and imagining relaxation. T or F?

False

6. Gestalt therapy

Gaps in awareness

spontaneous remission

Improvement of symptoms due to the mere passage of time.

reflection

In client-centered therapy, the process of rephrasing or repeating thoughts and feelings expressed by clients so they can become aware of what they are saying.

client-centered (person-centered) therapy

Individual being treated talks without direction, judgment, or interpretation from the therapist

psychotherapy

Licensed professional who uses psychological techniques to facilitate positive changes in a person's personality, behavior, or adjustment.

mood stabilizers

Medications that combat bipolar disorder by leveling mood swings.

antidepressant drugs

Medications that combat depression by affecting the levels or activity of neurotransmitters.

antipsychotic drugs

Medications that may alleviate hallucinations and delusional thinking associated with mental disorders.

2. Briefly list the operant principles most often used by behavior therapists

Nonreinforcement and extinction. A response that is not followed by reinforcement will occur less frequently.

selective perception

Perceiving only certain stimuli among a larger array of possibilities.

4. Nondirective therapies

Place responsibility on the client

1. Briefly list the operant principles most often used by behavior therapists

Positive reinforcement, Responses that are followed by reinforcement tend to occur more frequently.

3. Briefly list the operant principles most often used by behavior therapists

Punishment, If a response is followed by discomfort or an undesirable effect, the response will be suppressed.

According to REBT, do events cause us to have feelings? If not, what does cause our feelings?

REBT holds that events do not cause us to have feelings. We feel as we do because of our beliefs

3. Insight therapies

Seek understanding

4. Briefly list the operant principles most often used by behavior therapists

Shaping, shaping means reinforcing actions that are closer and closer approximations to a desired response.

5. Briefly list the operant principles most often used by behavior therapists

Stimulus control. Responses tend to come under the control of the situation in which they occur.

behavior modification

The application of learning principles to change human behavior, especially maladaptive behavior.

1. Directive therapies

The client is guided strongly

free association

The psychoanalytic technique of encouraging a patient to say whatever comes to mind without censoring.

deinstitutionalization and be able to describe some of its effects

The reduced use of full-time commitment to mental institutions to treat mental disorders. ex reduced the use of full-time commitment to mental institutions. Many chronic patients have been discharged to hostile communities without adequate care.

transference

The tendency of patients to transfer to a therapist feelings that correspond to those the patient had for important persons in his or her past.

pharmacotherapy

The use of drugs to treat psychopathology.

6. Briefly list the operant principles most often used by behavior therapists

Time out, A time-out procedure usually involves removing the individual from a situation in which reinforcement occurs

cognitive therapy

Treatment of emotional and behavioral problems by changing maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, and feeling.

aversion therapy

Treatment to reduce unwanted behavior by pairing it with an unpleasant stimulus.

Confrontation and encounter are concepts of existential therapy. T or F?

True

The Gestalt therapist tries to reflect a client's thoughts and feelings. T or F?

True

rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Type of treatment designed to identify and change self-defeating thoughts.

5. Client-centered therapy

Unconditional positive regard

Major tranquilizers also are known as

antipsychotics

To date, the most acceptable type of "distance therapy" is

based on two-way audio and video links

The B in the A-B-C of REBT stands for

belief

Behavior modification programs aimed at the extinction of an undesirable behavior typically use what operant principles?

nonreinforcement and time-out

The mirror technique is frequently used in

psychodrama

Attention can be a powerful for ... humans.

reinforcer

Emotional rapport, warmth, understanding, acceptance, and empathy are the core of

the therapeutic alliance

In psychoanalysis, an emotional attachment to the therapist is called

transference

Shock or a nauseating drug play what role in conditioning an aversion?

unconditioned stimulus

When desensitization is carried out through the use of live or filmed models, it is called

vicarious desensitization