Ch. 15-3 The Inca Empire

Pachacuti

An Incan ruler helped gain lots of territory.

Effect on Incan economies, trade, and development of urban societies

Economies: Many were living peacefully with no hardships. Trade: Used the mita system and distributed goods to each household. Development of urb. soc.: They built plazas and temples to help the villagers meet up.

Quipus

Record keeping with cords.

Mita

The labor tax system in which taxes are replaced as labor.

Llamas

Animals that are related to camels but native to South America.

How and Where the empire arose

How: Through agreements and conquest. Where: In South America, in Andres, near Peru.

Location, Landform, and Climate

Location: South America, Andres Landforms: Desert and mountains Climate: Warm

Quechua

The Incan official language.

Spanish Control

Atahualpa tried to win back his freedom by having all his people bring their gold and jewelry. They ended up bringing 24 melted tons of jewelry, but they still killed Atahualpa. In 1537, all of the Inca were defeated.

Capturing of the King

Atahualpa was on his way to be crowned until he heard about the Spanish arrival. Curious of them, he invited them and they demanded he and his tribe convert to Christianity. When he refused, they attacked him and his tribe, killing thousands of Incans.

2c. PREDICT Predict what might have happened if Atahualpa had told Pizarro he accepted Christianity.

I think Pizzaro would have teamed up with Atahualpa and conquered all of South America, and maybe even more.

Pre-Inca

In the 900s, civilizations near Peru began to grow. These societies included the Chavin, Nazca, Moche, and Chimú. Each of the civilizations lived in different environments and adapted to each one. As they adapted, they made big cities and crafts that reflected their religion. These societies set the stage for the Inca.

Economy

Instead of paying taxes, the Inca payed their government in labor. Using the mita system, they told each household what their jobs were. Most were farmers, but some were lucky enough to work for the government. The farmers higher in the mountains raised llamas for meat and wool. There were no merchants because government officials would distribute goods through the mita, keeping the unclaimed property in the government in case of emergency.

How they were defeated by the Spanish

Pizarro demanded that Atahualpa, the leader at the time, was to become Christian. He denied and was attacked in a result. With no leader, the Inca tried to fight back, but were slaughtered completely by 1537.

Early Inca

The Inca first began as a small tribe in the Andres. As Pachucuti, the ruler at the time gained more territory, they became stronger. He set the tone for later rules to come and gain even more land. By the early 1500s, it stretched from what is now northern Ecuador to central Chile and included coastal deserts, snowy mountains, fertile valleys, and thick forests. They became so successful because of their strong central government.

Central Government/Language

The Inca made the leaders of the villages their conquered became a common person and leave the village, and added a new, trustworthy leader. They did this in fear of a rebellion. Also, they made the children travel to the capital in order to learn about Incan politics and government. They established an official language called quipus since everyone else spoke different languages.

Inca

The Inca were a powerful tribe in South America. They were built on the foundation of many other tribes and borrowed their ideas on science and other academics.

1a. IDENTIFY What were two things the central Inca government controlled?

They controlled the language and economy.

2a. RECALL When did the Spanish gain full control over the entire Inca region?

They gained full control in 1537.

1b. EXPLAIN How did pre-Inca civilizations adapt to their environment?

They used aqueducts, irrigation canals,

2b. COMPARE How was the end of the Inca Empire similar to the end of the Aztec Empire?

They were defeated because both empires had internal problems when the Spanish arrived, Cortés and Pizarro captured the leaders of each empire, guns and horses gave the Spanish a great military advantage, and disease weakened native peoples.

1c. EVALUATE Do you think the mita system was a good government policy? Why or why not?

Yes because it kept people happy and was almost equal.