CH 15 - Reconstruction
Which of the following best describes the African-American response to the ending of the Civil War and the coming of freedom?
African-Americans adopted different ways of testing their freedom, including moving about, seeking kin, and rejecting older forms of deferential behavior.
What were the effects of passage of the 15th Amendment?
African-Americans were given the right to vote, thus completing abolishing slavery and it's ideas
Black officeholders during Reconstruction accomplished what?
They changed southern life, ensuring that black accused of crimes would be judged fairly and had fairness in aspects of local government
Ku Klux Klan formed during reconstruction with the purpose of
B) keeping African-Americans from exercising their rights
Most of those termed " scalawags" during reconstruction had been:
B) non-slaveholding white farmers from the southern up country prior to the civil war
William T Sherman's field order 15:
B) set aside the sea islands and 40 acre tracks of land in South Carolina and Georgia for black families
During reconstruction most former slaves found employment mainly as
B) sharecroppers
The enforcements acts, passed by congress in 1870 1871 were designed to:
B) stop the activities of terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan
Which of the following was not an accomplishment of southern governments run by Republicans during reconstruction
B) widespread transformational plantations into black owned farms
Who impeached Andrew Johnson
B)the house
What is the Tenure in Office Act?
Barred the president from removing certain officeholders, including cabinet members, without the consent of the state
Why was Andrew Johnson acquitted on charges of impeachment?
Because Benjamin F. Wade would have replaced Johnson if he was removed, which would lead to the constitutional separation of powers between Congress and the executive branch would be damaged
Why were views of women like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucy Stone towards the 15th Amendment?
Being women's rights advocates, they didn't know whether or not to support the 15th Amendment, because it did not do anything to help women gain suffrage
Of the following groups, the least likely to become redeemers were
Blacks
Which of the following best describes the black response to the ending of the Civil War and the coming of freedom?
Blacks adopted different ways of testing their freedom, including moving about, seeking kin, and rejecting older forms of deferential behavior.
Which of the following best describes the black response to the ending of the civil war and the coming of freedom?
Blacks adopted different ways of testing their freedom, including moving about, seeking kin, and rejecting older forms of deferential behavior.
How did emancipation affect the structure of the black family
C) Black women adopted the domestic rules for that white women had long had but one poverty compel them to they sought work in the fields and in the workplace
Radical Republicans in Congress believed that reconstructing the south should include all the following measures except
C) The permanent occupation of the south by the union army
Which of the following best describes the black response to the ending of the Civil War and coming of freedom
C) blacks adopted different ways of testing their freedom including moving about seeking Ken and rejecting older forms of deferential behavior
Southern politics after reconstruction was dominated by
C) democrats
Black officeholders during reconstruction:
C) helped ensure a degree of fairness and treatment of African American citizens
The 1868 Democratic presidential ticket, Horatio Seymour and Francis Blair Jr., had a campaign motto of?
Charging the Republicans with placing the South under a rule of "a semi-barbarous race" who longed to "subject white women to their unbridled lust"
What early 1868 action by Andrew Johnson sparked his impeachment by the U.S. House of Representatives?
In February 1868, Johnson removed Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, an ally of Radicals
The era of reconstruction can best be described today as
E) an important step towards civil rights
All of the following are true passage of the 15th amendment except
E) it aided the election of Ulysses grant to the presidency in 1868
During reconstruction, southern cities:
Enjoyed newfound prosperity as merchants traded more frequently with the north.
As part of the Bargain of 1877, President Grant appointed a southerner to his Cabinet.
False
Because of land redistribution, the vast majority of rural freedmen and freedwomen prospered during Reconstruction.
False
Black suffrage made little difference in the South as very few blacks voted or ran for public office during Reconstruction.
False
By the mid-1870s, white farmers were cultivating as much as 80 percent of the region's cotton crop.
False
The 1873 depression strengthened the North's resolve to ensure the success of Reconstruction as the depression really hurt the South's farmers, highlighting the need for reform in the region.
False
How did the Civil War affect planter families?
For the first time, some of them had to do physical labor. Correct
During reconstruction those like Elizabeth cash Stanton and Lucy stone who supported a woman's right to vote:
Found themselves divided over wether or not to support the 15th amendment.
What was the Northern vision of the Reconstruction-era southern economy?
Free labor - emancipated blacks would be able to enjoy the same opportunities for advancement as the northern laborers and the South would become a "free society"
Anything less then____would betray the civil wars meaning, African-American spokesman insisted
Full citizenship
Terms of the compromise of 1877 included all the following provisions except
Giving Republicans control federal patronage is in the south
What early 1868 action by Andrew Jackson sparked his impeachment by the U.S. House of Representatives?
He allegedly violated the Tenure of Office Act.
What early 1868 action by Andrew Johnson sparked his impeachment by the U.S. House of Representatives?
He allegedly violated the Tenure of Office Act.
What do we know about Andrew Johnson?
He considered himself an "honest yeoman" against the large planters and was the only senator from the seceding states to stay loyal to the Union
Which of the following is NOT true of Thaddeus Stevens?
He represented Massachusetts in the U.S. Senate.
What early 1860 action by Andrew Johnson's sparked his impeachment
He, at least allegedly, Violeted the tenure of office act
What early 1868 action by Andrew Johnson sparked his impeachment by the U.S. House of Representatives?
He, at least allegedly, violated the Tenure of Office Act.
Black office holders during reconstruction:
Helped ensure a degree of fairness in treatment of African American citizens.
Southern Republicans during Reconstruction:
established the South's first state-supported schools.
During Reconstruction, what was the role of the church in the black community?
A place of worship, housed schools, social events, and also played a major role in politics
The "Prostrate State" depicts?
A state engulfed by political corruption, drained by governmental extravagance, and under the control of a "mass of black barbarism"
The first civil rights act passed by Congress in 1866
A) all of the answers below: declared blacks to be citizens of the United States,empowered the federal government to intervene in the state affairs to protect your rights, was vetoed by President Johnson, strict didn't former Confederate officials ability to hold office
The US Supreme Court ruled in the slaughterhouse case
A) most rights of the citizens are under the control of state governments rather than the federal government
15th amendment
A) sought to guarantee that one could not be denied suffrage rights based on race.
Why was Andrew Johnson acquitted on charges of impeachment
A)moderate Republicans worried about setting a dangerous constitutional precedent
The southern black codes:
Allowed the arrest on vagrancy charges of former slaves who failed to sign yearly labor contracts.
When congress sent Andrew Jackson the civil rights bill of 1866, he:
Argued that it discriminates against whites.
During 1865 and 1866 Northern opinion grew hostile toward the south because of all of the following developments except
Assassination of a number of Southern Republican governors
President Lincoln's plan for reconstruction was opposed by some radical Republicans because they
B) Felt it was too lenient on Southerners
In general the federal government's response to the violation of African-American civil rights of the later years of reconstruction and afterwards was one of the
B) deference to states rights
Southern republicans during reconstruction:
B) established the south's first state supported schools
White farmers in the late 19 century south
B) included many sharecroppers involved in the crop lien system
What did the Freedman's Bureau accomplish?
Coordinated and helped finance black education and expanded the establishment of hospitals to provide medical care
The northern vision of the reconstruction era southern economy included all of the following except
D) The labor system would be close as slavery as possible there by assuming high productivity
The congressional reconstruction act of 1867
D) allowed former confederates to hold public office
Grants administration developed substantial opposition because
D) corruption developed in his aministration
The U.S. Supreme Court decision in the 1837 case in which Myra brad well challenged an Illinois statue excluding women from practicing law
D) demonstrates that while racial definitions of freedom for changing gendered ones exist
Radical Republicans
D) fully embrace the expanded powers of the federal government born during the Civil War
14th amendment
D) marked the most important change in the US Constitution since the Bill of rights
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
Defined all persons born in the US as citizens and spelled out rights that they were able to enjoy, without regard to race. The main concept of this bill was equality before the law
The civil rights bill of 1866:
Defined the rights of American citizens without regard to race.
US Supreme Court's decision in 1873 case in which Myra Bradwell challenged an Illinois statute excluding women from practicing law:
Demonstrated that, while racial definition of freedom were changing, gendered one still existed
The U.S. Supreme Court decision in the 1873 case in which Myra Bradwell challenged Illinois statute excluding women from practicing law:
Demonstrates that, while racial definition of freedom were changing, gendered ones still existed.
What were the southern Black Codes?
Denied blacks their rights to testify against whites, serve on juries or militias, or vote, and when freedmen working on plantations refused to sign yearly labor contracts, they were to be arrested or hired out to whites
The liberal republic movement in 1872:
Initially had little to do with reconstruction but encouraged opposition to grants policies in the south.
What was the 14th Amendment? Why was it so important?
It granted citizenship to all persons born in the US, which empowered the government to protect the rights of all Americans. It was important because it prohibited states from abridging the privileges or immunities of citizens or denying them equal protection of the law
How did emancipation affect the structure of the black family?
It increased the power of black men, brought the notion that black men and women were part of different "spheres," and that women were able to work more in the home for their families, rather than out in the fields
Why was Andrew Johnson acquitted on charges of impeachment?
Johnson's lawyers assured moderate Republicans that he would behave for the rest of his term, so several voted to acquit him.
Why was Andrew Johnson acquitted on charges of impeachment?
Johnsons lawyers assured moderate republicans that he would behave for the rest of his term, so several voted to acquit him.
The crop lien system:
Kept many share choppers in a state of constant debt and poverty.
Andrew Jackson:
Lacked Lincolns political skills and keen sense of public opinion
The most ambitious but least successful of the radical Republicans aims during construction was
Land reform
The most ambitious but least successful of the radical republicans aims was:
Land reform.
The most ambitious, but least successful of the radical Republicans aims was:
Land reforms
How would you describe the black response to the ending of the Civil War and the coming of freedom?
Liberating - blacks worshiped freely, traveled around, sought out family members, and expanded their political freedoms
The 1864 congressional plan for reconstruction differed from Lincoln's plan in that
Majority of white males would have to pledge allegiance to the union, voters would have to swear that they never born arms again, governments would have to repudiate confederate war debts, confederate civil and military leaders would be disenfranchised
The 14th amendment:
Marked the most important change in the U.S. Constitution since the bill of rights.
The 14th amendment:
Marked the most important change in the US Constitution since the Bill of Rights
Which denominations had the largest followings among blacks after the Civil War?
Methodist and Baptist
Which denominations had the largest followings among blacks after the civil war?
Methodist and baptist.
Which denominations had the largest followings among blacks after the Civil War?
Methodists and Baptists
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the slaughterhouse cases that:
Most rights of citizens are under the control of state governments rather than the federal government.
What was the effect of Reconstruction on southern cities?
New social classes were developed, the cities grew remarkably, and railroads connected the cities together
The Enforcement Acts, passed by Congress in 1870 and 1871, were designed to?
Outlaw terrorist societies and allow the president to use the army against them. Was meant to expand national authority during Reconstruction
How did the Civil War affect planter families?
Planters lost their savings, which were invested into Confederate bonds, lost their slaves, and some actually had to put in their own physical labor to survive
The 15th Amendment did what?
Prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote because of race
During Reconstruction, southern state governments helped to finance what important infrastructure?
Railroads
During Reconstruction, southern state governments helped to finance:
Rainroads
In March 1867, Congress began Radical Reconstruction by adopting the __________, which created new state governments and provided for black male suffrage in the South.
Reconstruction Act
In March 1867, congress began radical reconstruction by adopting the _______ which created new state governments and provided for black male suffrage in the south.
Reconstruction act.
Who claimed in the 1870s the have converted the white south form corruption, misgovernment, and northern and black control?
Redeemers
Who claimed in the 1870s to have converted the white South from corruption, misgovernment, and northern and black control?
Redeemers
"Waving the bloody shirt" referred to?
Republican opponents, why were identified by secession and treason
Describe the election of 1876.
Republicans nominated Governor Rutherford Hayes, while the Democrats chose Samuel Tilden. Only SC, FL, and LA were under Republican control, so whichever candidate could win over these states would win the election. Congress ended up having to make a 15-member Electoral, which was 8-7 Republican, so Hayes was elected
Hiram Revels and Blanche Bruce were the first two black?
Senators; first two blacks to serve in the U.S. Senate
What was the "Whiskey Ring" scandal?
Series of thefts that added up to tens of millions of dollars, which involved the high officials of the Grant administration, and by New York's Tweed Ring, controlled by the Democrats
What was General William T. Sherman's Special Field Order 15?
Set aside the Sea Islands and a large area along the South Carolina and Georgia coasts for settlement of black families on 40 acres plots of land
General William T. Sherman's special field order 15:
Set aside the sea islands and 40 acre tracts of land in South Carolina and Georgia for black families.
What is Sharecropping? Why was this preferred to gang labor?
Sharecropping allowed black families to rent a part of a plantation, with the crop divided between the family and the owner; was preferred to gang labor because they were not constantly supervised by the land owner
With the beginning of radical reconstruction, southern African Americans in the late 1860s and early 1870s took direct action to remedy long-standing grievances. These actions included:
Sit-ins that helped integrate horse-drawn streetcars in southern cities.
The enforcement acts, passed by congress in 1870 and 1871, were designed to:
Stop the activities of terrorist groups such as the KKK.
What was the Bargain of 1877?
That Hayes would have to recognize Democratic control of the South, place a southerner in the cabinet position of postmaster general, and work for federal aid to the Texas and Pacific railroad, while Democrats agreed to not dispute Hayes's right to office and respect the civil and political rights of blacks (railroad promise never fulfilled)
In 1875, when Mississippi governor Albert Ames asked President Grant for help because white rifle clubs had openly assaulted and murdered Republicans, Grant's response was?
That the northern public was "tired out" by southern problems
What was Andrew Johnson's argument against the Civil Rights Bill of 1866?
That the power of the national government would grow, depriving the states of their autonomy, and that blacks did not deserve the right to become citizens, because that would be "discriminating against the white population"
What did the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in the 1873 case in which Myra Bradwell challenged an Illinois statute excluding women from practicing law demonstrate?
That women were not equal to men; the Supreme Court declared that free labor principles did not apply to women since "the law of the Creator" had assigned them to the "domestic sphere"
In March 1867, Congress passed what act? Why was this so important?
The Reconstruction Act, which temporarily divided the South into 5 military districts and called for the construction of new state governments, where black men could vote
Who claimed in the 1870's to have converted the white South from corruption, misgovernment, and northern and black control?
The Redeemers
How did emancipation affect the structure of the black family?
The black family became more like the typical white family, with men as the breadwinners and women as the homemakers.
How did emancipation affect the structure of the black family?
The black family became more likely the typical white family, with men as bread winners and women as the home makers.
What happened in Colfax, Louisiana in 1873? What was the response?
The bloodiest act of violence during Reconstruction occurred; armed whites assaulted the town with a small cannon, which killed hundreds of former slaves, including 50 members of a black militia unit that had surrendered. Led to the Enforcement Acts being drafted
What was the crop-lien system? What effect did it have on sharecroppers?
The crop-lien system was where yeoman farmers had to take up growing cotton and pledge it as part of their collateral, in order to obtain necessary supplies from merchants; sharecroppers ended up renting out their already rented land to the yeoman farmers
The northern version of the reconstruction era southern economy included all the following except:
The labor system would be as close to slavery as possible, thereby assuring high productivity
The northern vision of the reconstruction era southern economy included all of the following except:
The labor system would be as close to slavery as possible, thereby assuring high productivity.
Howard University is well known as what?
The nation's first black college, which was located at the nation's capital
In the "Petition of Committee on Behalf of the Freedmen to Andrew Johnson", what are the freedmen requesting?
The right to own a homestead
What were Radical Republicans' views of the powers of the federal government?
They embraced the powers of the federal government and insisted that the old traditions of rights must not obstruct the national effort to protect the rights of all Americans
What were the accomplishments of southern governments run by Republicans during Reconstruction?
They established the South's first state-supported public schools, pioneered civil rights legislation (made it illegal to discriminate based on race), and strengthened the position of rural laborers to promote the South's economic recovery
With the beginning of Radical Reconstruction, what direct actions did southern African-Americans in the late 1860's and early 1870's take to remedy long-standing grievances?
They took part in sit-ins that integrated horse-drawn public streetcars in cities across the South, plantation owners organized strikes for higher wages, speakers spread across the South, thousands joined the Union league, and blacks registered to vote
Which of the following is NOT true about Andrew Johnson?
Through hard work, he rose into the planter class and then became a successful politician.
The most ambitious, but least successful, of the Republicans' aims was?
To confiscate the plantation owners' lands to redistribute to former slaves and northern immigrants
In 1875, when Mississippi Governor Adelbert Ames asked president grant for help because Euro American rifle clubs had openly assaulted and murdered Republicans, grant:
Told Ames that the northern public was "tired out" with Southern problems.
In 1875 when Mississippi governor Adelbert Ames asked president grant for help because white rifle clubs had openly assaulted and murdered republicans, Grant:
Told Ames the northern public was tired out with southern problems.
Black ministers during Reconstruction played a major role in politics, holding some 250 public offices.
True
While Republicans were in power in the South, they established the region's first state-supported public schools.
True
With the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment, all people born in the United States were automatically citizens.
True
Hiram Revels and Blanche Bruce were the first two black:
U.S. senators.
The Whiskey Ring scandal took place during the administration of:
Ulysses Grant.
The whiskey ring scandal took place during the administration of:
Ulysses Grant.
During Reconstruction the role of the church in African-American communities:
Was central as African-Americans formed their own churches
During the reconstruction the role of the church in black communities
Was central as African-Americans formed their own churches
During reconstruction the role of the church in the black community:
Was central, as african americans formed their own churches.
What do we know about Thaddeus Stevens?
Was one of the most prominent Radicals in Congress, was a lawyer and iron manufacturer, represented Pennsylvania in the House of Representatives, and was a big supporter of black's rights and the redistribution of southern lands
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the Slaughterhouse Cases that?
When butchers excluded from a state-sponsored monopoly in Louisiana went to court, arguing that their right of equality to the law had been violated, the justice rejected their claim, ruling that the amendment had not altered traditional federalism
Most of those termed "scalawags" during reconstruction had been?
White Republicans that were born in the South, who were considered traitors
Which of the following was not an accomplishment of southern governments run by republicans during reconstruction.
Widespread transformation of plantations into black owned farms.
Howard University is well known as:
a black university in Washington, D.C.
The Bargain of 1877:
allowed for white Democratic control of the South.
The southern Black Codes:
allowed the arrest on vagrancy charges of former slaves who failed to sign yearly labor contracts.
When Congress sent Andrew Johnson the Civil Rights Bill of 1866, he:
argued that it discriminated against whites.
The Civil Rights Bill of 1866:
defined the rights of American citizens without regard to race
The Civil Rights Act of 1866:
defined the rights of American citizens without regard to race.
The Civil Rights Bill of 1866:
defined the rights of American citizens without regard to race.
The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in the 1873 case in which Myra Bradwell challenged an Illinois statute excluding women from practicing law:
demonstrates that, while racial definitions of freedom were changing, gendered ones still existed.
During reconstruction, southern cities:
enjoyed a new-found prosperity as merchants traded more frequently with the north.
During Reconstruction, southern cities:
enjoyed newfound prosperity as merchants traded more frequently with the North.
During Reconstruction, those like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucy Stone who supported a woman's right to vote:
found themselves divided over whether or not to support the Fifteenth Amendment.
During Reconstruction, those like Elizabeth Cady Stanton who supported a woman's right to vote:
found themselves divided over whether or not to support the Fifteenth Amendment. Correct
Black officeholders during the Reconstruction
helped ensure a degree a fairness in the treatment of African-American citizens.
Black officeholders during Reconstruction:
helped ensure a degree of fairness in the treatment of African-American citizens.
Black officeholders during Reconstruction:
helped ensure a degree of fairness in treatment of African-American citizens.
White farmers in the late nineteenth-century South:
included many sharecroppers involved in the crop-lien system.
The Liberal Republican movement in 1872:
initially had little to do with Reconstruction but encouraged opposition to Grant's policies in the South.
All of the following are true of passage of the Fifteenth Amendment EXCEPT:
it aided the election of Ulysses Grant to the presidency in 1868. Correct
The crop-lien system:
kept many sharecroppers in a state of constant debt and poverty.
Andrew Johnson:
lacked Lincoln's political skills and keen sense of public opinion. Correct
The most ambitious, but least successful, of the Radical Republicans' aims was:
land reform.
The Freedmen's Bureau:
made notable achievements in improving African-American education and health care.
The Fourteenth Amendment:
marked the most important change in the U.S. Constitution since the Bill of Rights.
The fourteenth Amendment:
marked the most important change in the U.S. Constitution since the Bill of Rights.
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the Slaughterhouse Cases that:
most rights of citizens are under the control of state governments rather than the federal government.
Most of those termed "scalawags" during Reconstruction had been:
non-slaveholding white farmers from the southern upcountry prior to the Civil War.
During Reconstruction, southern states government helped finance.
railroads
General William T. Sherman's Special Field Order 15:
set aside the Sea Islands and 40-acre tracts of land in South Carolina and Georgia for black families.
General William T. Sherman's Special Field Order 15:
set aside the Sea Islands and forty-acre tracts of land in South Carolina and Georgia for black families.
The Fifteenth Amendment:
sought to guarantee that one could not be denied suffrage rights based on race.
The Enforcement Acts, passed by Congress in 1870 and 1871, were designed to:
stop the activities of terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan.
The northern vision of the Reconstruction-era southern economy included all of the following EXCEPT:
the labor system would be as close to slavery as possible, thereby assuring high productivity.
The northern vision of the Reconstruction-era southern economy included all of the following except:
the labor system would be as close to slavery as possible, thereby assuring high productivity.
In the "Petition of Committee in Behalf of the Freedmen to Andrew Johnson" (1865), what are the freedmen requesting?
the right to purchase a homestead
In 1875, when Mississippi governor Adelbert Ames asked President Grant for help because white rifle clubs had openly assaulted and murdered Republicans, Grant:
told Ames that the northern public was "tired out" with southern problems.
During Reconstruction, the role of the church in the black community:
was central, as African-Americans formed their own churches.
During reconstruction, the role of the church in the black community:
was central, as African-Americans formed their own churches.
Sharecropping:
was preferred by African-Americans to gang labor (because they were less subject to supervision).
sharecropping:
was preferred by African-Americans to gang labor (because they were less subject to supervision).
The election of 1876:
was tainted by claims of fraud in Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana.
Which of the following was NOT an accomplishment of southern governments run by Republicans during Reconstruction?
widespread transformation of plantations into black-owned farms