Ch. 15: Self-Efficacy

How is vicarious experiences (modeling) a source of efficacy?

-Seeing others or modeling influences efficacy -Helps us learn new skills -If they perform successfully, we think we can do it -If they perform poorly, we think we cannot do it

What is the reciprocal relationship between efficacy & behavior change?

-Self-efficacy is a determinant of performance & exercise behavior -Performance & exercise behavior determine's self-efficacy -Performances become a stronger predictor of self-efficacy than actual self-efficacy is on subsequent performance

What is Bandura's self-efficacy theory?

-Self-efficacy provides a model for studying the effects of self-confidence on sport performance, persistence, & behavior -Self-efficacy is important when one has the requisite skills & sufficient motivation (it alone will not make you successful) -Self-efficacy affects an athlete's choice of activities, level of effort, & persistence -Self-efficacy is task specific, but it also generalizes to other similar skills & situations -People w/ high self-efficacy set more challenging goals

What is self-efficacy?

-The perception of one's ability to perform a task successfully (belief in your ability) -A situation-specific form of self-confidence (task-specific)

Self-efficacy is dependent on...

-The situation

True/False: Collective efficacy is related to performance (enhance the 5 components) but it also is a source of task cohesion

-True

True/False: there is a reciprocal relationship between efficacy & behavior change (performance)

-True

What is RISE (Relation-inferred self-efficacy)?

-Your perception of someone else's belief in your ability

What is collective efficacy?

-A group's shared belief in it conjoint capabilities to organize & execute the courses of action required to produce given levels of attainment -The team's overall belief in their confidence & ability

What are the 5 components to collective efficacy? (how you measure it)

-Ability (adequate skill or not) -Effort (all giving 100%?) -Persistence (how likely they are to overcome obstacles) -Preparation (physical & mental to make sure they are ready to perform) -Unity (cohesion of group) -(if they are all high = enhanced levels of collective efficacy = see better performance)

How is performance accomplishments / past performance a source of efficacy?

-Accomplishments are the most dependable source b/c it is based on us -Successful experiences raise the level of self-efficacy, while failure results in lowered efficacy

What does it mean to measure self-efficacy?

-Assess self-efficacy at different levels -Assess self-efficacy strength at each level -Generality (generalized ability)

What is other-efficacy?

-Belief in someone else's ability

What is proxy efficacy?

-Belief in someone else's ability to help you exercise or achieve goals

How is verbal persuasion a source of efficacy?

-From oneself & others (coaches, teachers, peers) can enhance feelings of self-efficacy -Self-talk -Positive = enhance self-efficacy beliefs & performance -Negative = harm self-efficacy beliefs & performance

How are physiological & affective states a source of efficacy?

-HR, breathing, clammy hands, sweating, etc influence self-efficacy when they are associated w/ aversive physiological arousal, poor performance, & perceived failure -Positive emotional states enhance self-efficacy -Negative emotional states lower self-efficacy

How is imaginal experiences (imagery) a source of efficacy?

-Individuals can generate beliefs about personal efficacy or lack of efficacy -Done by imagining themselves (or others) behaving effectively or ineffectively in future situations

Harder task = Easier task =

-Lower confidence -Higher confidence

What are the 4 main sources of self-efficacy?

-Past performance -Vicarious experiences -Social persuasion -Physiological/affective states