Ch. 15 Wrist joint extra info.

-True circumduction is not ____. -Circumduction is the combination of which four osteokinematic movements?

-rotation -flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

-The first digit of the hand is the what? -2nd digit= ___ finger -3rd digit= ____ finger -4th digit= ___ finger -5th digit=___ finger

-the thumb -index finger -middle finger -ring finger -pinky finger

Radial deviation of the wrist joint range of motion is ___ to ___ degrees. Ulnar deviation range of motion of the wrist joint is ___ to ___ degrees. The amount of ulnar deviation is greater than the radial deviation because of the angulation of the ___ end of the radius, where the lateral aspect is more ___than the medial aspect.

0 to 20, 0 to 30, distal, distal

The palmaris longus is a superficial muscle on the anterior aspect of the forearm between the ___ and ____. It is easily identified in the midline at the base of the wrist when _____.

flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis, contracting

What are the joints between adjacent carpal bones called?

intercarpal joints

Each of the eight carpal bones also articulates with adjacent carpal bones (____ joints). Additionally, the distal row of carpal bones articulates with the base of the metacarpals, which are joints of the hand. (____ joint).

intercarpal joints, carpometacarpal joint

The ____ is a superficial muscle in the midline of the anterior aspect of the forearm.

flexor carpi radialis

which 2 wrist muscles produce radial deviation?

flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus

Which 3 wrist muscles produce wrist flexion?

flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

The ____ muscle is a superficial muscle on the anterior medial aspect of the forearm.

flexor carpi ulnaris

The osteokinematic movement of ulnar deviation forms a ___ direction of movement arthrokinematically. The osteokinematic movement of radial deviation forms a ___ direction of movement arthrokinematically.

opposite (convex on concave), opposite (convex on concave)

A function of the carpal tunnel is to avoid ___ of the ____ during wrist and finger flexion.

"bow-stringing", extrinsic finger flexor tendons

Flexion range of motion of the wrist joint is ___ to ___ degrees, and extension range of motion is ___ to ___ degrees. The amount of flexion is greater than extension because of the angulation of the ___ end of the radius, where the posterior aspect is more ___ than the anterior aspect.

0 to 80, 0 to 70, distal , distal

There are ___ rows of ___ carpal bones. Most bones are named ___ to ____ or proximal to distal, but the carpal bones are an exception because they are named ___ to ____.

2, 4, medial to lateral, lateral to medial

How many metacarpals are there?

5 in each hand

How many carpal bones are there?

8

What muscle of the wrist does not have a secondary bony insertion?

Palmaris Longus

What is a mnemonic device to memorize the order of the proximal and distal rows of the carpal bones from lateral to medial?

Sam Likes To Push The Toy Car Hard (proximal row: Sam=scaphoid, Likes= lunate, To=triquetrum, Push=pisiform; distal row: The=trapezium, Toy=trapezoid, Car= capitate, Hard= hamate)

Disc between the distal ulna and carpal bones that allows the hand to move with the forearm during pronation/supination.

TFCC (triangular fibrocartilaginous complex)

Radial deviation is lateral movement of the hand (___) at the wrist joint, and ulnar deviation is medial movement of the hand (____) at the wrist joint. Both movements occur within a ____ plane and about a ____ axis.

abduction, adduction, frontal, sagittal

In reference to the anatomical position, ulnar deviation is a form of? In reference to the anatomical position, radial deviation is a form of?

adduction, abduction

Structurally, the carpal bones form a medial/lateral arch with an ____. Ligaments that span the anterior aspect of the arch create the ____.

anterior (palmar) or (anterior palm) concavity, carpal tunnel

Pronation and supination, movements that change the orientation of the palm from ____ to ____ (and reverse) and anywhere in between, or ____ to ____, (and reverse) and anywhere in between, occur at the ___ and ____ joints of the forearm.

anterior to posterior, palm up to palm down, proximal and distal radioulnar

The brachialis muscle is deep to the ____ muscle.

biceps brachii

What muscle can flex the elbow no matter what position the forearm is in?

brachialis

The proximal surface of the wrist joint--the distal end of the radius--is ____ (concave or convex?). The distal joint surface is formed by carpal bones in the proximal row and is ____. (concave or convex?)

concave, convex

Tendons attach to ____, while muscles attach to ____.

condyles, tendons

What type of joint is the wrist? How many degrees of freedom, planes, and axis?

condyloid joint, 2 DOF, 2 planes, 2 axis

If the athrokinematic/osteokinematic movements are opposite in direction to each other, the relationship is termed?

convex on concave

The distal end of the ulna ___ make contact with any of the carpal bones (there is a ___ between them); carpal bones only contact the ____.

does not, disc, distal radius

Muscles: (cont'd) The small ____ of the humerus lack sufficient surface area to accommodate all muscle attachments. To provide attachments for these muscles, a ____ arises from each humeral epicondyle. Serving as the ____ attachment of several muscles, each common tendon divides into multiple muscles. The common flexor tendon attaches to the ____ of the humerus. The common extensor tendon attaches to the ____ of the humerus.

epicondyles, common tendon, proximal, medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle

What is the capsular pattern for the wrist joint?

equal in all directions

The ____ is a superficial muscle and the only wrist extensor muscle that does not have its origins as the lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon.

extensor carpi radialis longus

Which 3 muscles span the posterior aspect of the wrist?

extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris

which 3 wrist muscles produce wrist extension?

extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris

The ____ muscle is a superficial muscle on the posterior aspect of the forearm.

extensor carpi ulnaris

The extensor retinaculum of the wrist joint holds the ___ close to the wrist.

extensor tendons

What is the end feel for the wrist joint, except for radial deviation, which has a ___ end feel?

firm, hard

Muscles: Only two muscles of the wrist, the ____ and the ____, attach to structures of the wrist. All other muscles that produce wrist movements span the wrist from the humerus to the ____ bones or phalanges of the hand. With the exception of the _____ muscle, the origins of muscles that produce wrist movements are the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus. All muscles that produce wrist movement are ____ joint muscles.

flexor carpi ulnaris and the palmaris longus, metacarpal, extensor carpi radialis longus, multi-joint

What is the only wrist muscle attaching to a carpal bone?

flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

which 2 wrist muscles produce ulnar deviation?

flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris

What are the three wrist flexor muscles?

flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus

Which 3 muscles span the anterior aspect of the wrist?

flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus

The flexor retinaculum of the wrist joint holds the ___ close to the wrist and blends with the ____ ligament to form the carpal tunnel.

flexor tendons, transverse carpal

Is pronation/supination a form of forearm or wrist movement?

forearm movement

Which two axis and planes of motion does the wrist offer?

frontal and sagittal planes, frontal and sagittal axis

What is the close-packed position for the wrist joint?

full extension, radial deviation

The proximal and distal rows of carpal bones have different ___ than each other. The proximal row of carpal bones forms the ____ joint with the distal radius. The distal row of carpal bones forms the ____joint with ___ metacarpals. The distal row connects to ____ which connect to ____.

functions, wrist joint, carpometacarpal, 5, metacarpals, phalanges

The wrist complex (wrist joint) provides the mobility and stability required for the hand to ____ and manipulate objects. The wrist is the articulation of the ____ and ____ bones. The ulna ____ articulate directly with the carpal bones. Additionally, the midcarpal joint is presented as part of the wrist because midcarpal joint movements are associated with ____ movements. The muscles producing wrist movement span the ____, inserting on the _____.

grasp, radius and carpal, does not, radiocarpal, carpals, metacarpals

Name the most medial carpal bone, distal row.

hamate

what is the projection on the anterior surface of hamate called?

hook of the hamate

Each of the four aspects of the wrist are supported by a primary ____.

ligament

What passes through the carpal tunnel?

median nerve and extrinsic finger flexor tendons

What is the open-packed position for the wrist joint?

neutral flexion/ extension

Because the shapes of the carpal bones are irregular, the intercarpal joints are classified as ____ joints. The arthrokinematic movements of ___ at each of these joints collectively contributes to movements of the wrist. (allows ____/____ of the wrist).

non-axial plane, glide, glide/slide

The osteokinematic movement of wrist flexion forms a ____ direction of movement arthrokinematically. The osteokinematic movement of wrist extension forms a ____ direction of movement arthrokinematically.

opposite (convex on concave), opposite (convex on concave)

On the pictures of muscles in the book, blue is the ___ and green is the ___.

origin, insertion

Name the most medial carpal bone, proximal row.

pisiform

Name the most lateral carpal bone, proximal row.

scaphoid

The capitate carpal bone of the distal row articulates with the ___ and ___ carpal bones of the proximal row.

scaphoid and lunate

The extensor carpi radialis brevis (____ muscle) is medial to the ___ muscle.

short, extensor carpi radialis longus

Which wrist joint is not considered to be part of the wrist?

the carpometacarpal joint (CMC)

What is being described? -Locks in tendons that form the wrist so that it does not bow string/pop out during movement. Forms the roof of the carpal tunnel.

transverse carpal ligament

Name the most lateral carpal bone, distal row.

trapezium

The bones of the wrist consist of ___ rows of ___ carpal bones each and the radius.

two, four

Wrist muscles have mostly ___ lines of pull. Muscles spanning the anterior aspect of the wrist produce wrist ____, and muscles spanning the posterior aspect of the wrist produce wrist ____. There are no muscles that by themselves produce only ____ or ____. Ulnar and radial deviation are produced by ____ action of muscles spanning the medial or lateral aspect of the wrist. The two muscles spanning the medial aspect of the wrist produce ____, and the two muscles spanning the lateral aspect of the wrist produce ____.

vertical, flexion, extension, radial or ulnar deviation, synergistic, ulnar deviation, radial deviation