CH. 17 + 18 Labs

Certain drugs used to treat dysrhythmias, called local anesthetics, work by blocking voltage gated sodium ion channels and slowing the entry of sodium ions into the cell during an action potential. What effects would you see? Decrease repolarization of cell Increase in hyperpolarization Decrease depolarization of the cell Increase depolarization of the cell

Decrease depolarization of the cell Blocking sodium channels hinders sodium ions from entering the cells thus decreasing depolarization of the cell.

From which larger artery does the highlighted artery branch? descending aorta common carotid artery aortic arch brachiocephalic trunk

From which larger artery does the highlighted artery branch? d.

Identify the highlighted structure. tricuspid valve pulmonary semilunar valve mitral valve aortic semilunar valve

Identify the highlighted structure. a.

Identify the highlighted structure. left atrium left auricle right atrium right auricle

Identify the highlighted structure. d.

Identify the highlighted vessel. left common carotid artery superior vena cava aortic arch brachiocephalic trunk

Identify the highlighted vessel. d.

Identify the highlighted vessels. venae cavae right pulmonary arteries right pulmonary veins coronary arteries

Identify the highlighted vessels. c.

PHOTO Identify the three branches of the highlighted vessel. right coronary artery, left coronary artery, left common carotid artery brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery, right subclavian artery right coronary artery, left coronary artery, brachiocephalic trunk

Identify the three branches of the highlighted vessel. B

In the fetus, what structure is located at the highlighted site? foramen magnum foramen ovale foramen spinosum foramen lacerum

In the fetus, what structure is located at the highlighted site? b.

LABELING The function of the highlighted structure is to prevent back flow into the ________________. Right atrium left ventricle right ventricle left atrium

The function of the highlighted structure is to prevent back flow into the ________________. Right atrium

The highlighted structure consists of ___. three valve flaps two valve flaps three semilunar cusps two semilunar cusps

The highlighted structure consists of ___. c.

Pressure in the aorta is greater than pressure in the pulmonary trunk, therefore the left ventricle has to generate. a greater pressure than the right ventricle in order to eject. blood from the heart. T/F

True

What are the terminal branches of the highlighted artery? deep brachial and nutrient cephalic and basilic axillary and lateral thoracic radial and ulnar

What are the terminal branches of the highlighted artery? d.

What artery is highlighted? internal iliac common iliac abdominal aorta external iliac

What artery is highlighted? c.

The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the depolarization of cells in the: atrioventricular (AV) node. ventricles. sinoatrial (SA) node. atria.

atria.

identify the highlighted area ascending aorta left pulmonary artery left common carotid artery left brachiocephalic vein

highlighted area a.

Blood pressure is equivalent to

hydrostatic pressure

identify the highlighted vessel left pulmonary artery inferior vena cava left brachiocephalic artery superior vena cava

identify the highlighted vessel superior vena cava

LABELING

identify the posterior tibial vein E

Increase in stroke volume is a result of _______. increased EDV increased preload increased contractility of the heart increased contractility of the heart, increased EDV and increased preload

increased contractility of the heart, increased EDV and increased preload

The left and right brachiocephalic veins merge to form the __________. subclavian vein inferior vena cava brachiocephalic trunk superior vena cava

inferior vena cava

What surface groove separates the right and left ventricles? interventricular sulcus atrioventricular sulcus interatrial septum interventricular septum

interventricular sulcus

Unlike skeletal muscle action potentials, cardiac muscle action potentials __________. do not involve repolarization have a short refractory period begin with a rapid depolarization phase involve calcium voltage-gated channels

involve calcium voltage-gated channels

The apex of the heart is situated toward the: posterior rib cage left hip left shoulder right shoulder

left hip

An increase in venous return _______. results in decreased preload occurs with severe blood loss occurs during exercise decreases EDV

occurs during exercise

The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood into...

pulmonary arteries --> which leads to the lungs.

When the flow tube radius increased, _______. resistance decreased and pump rate increased to maintain pressure resistance decreased and pump rate decreased to maintain pressure resistance decreased pump rate decreased to maintain pressure

resistance decreased and pump rate increased to maintain pressure

The average pressure in the systemic arteries during an entire cardiac cycle is known as: - pulmonary circuit - mean arterial pressure -systolic pressure -venous pressure

- mean arterial pressure

Afterload is described as: - the force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into their respective arteries - The amount of blood that has. drained into the ventricle by the end of the filling phase -The ability to generate tension -The. length or degree of stretch of the sarcomeres in the ventricular cells before they contract.

- the force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into their respective arteries

Which vessels increase peripheral resistance when they vasoconstrictor in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine? -venules -capillaries -systemic arterioles -muscular arteries

-systemic arterioles

Which of these structures conduct(s) action potentials the slowest? Purkinje fibers Bundle branches AV bundle AV node

AV node

Which of the. structures of the heart's conduction system conduct(s) action potentials the slowest?

AV node Action potentials slow down as they pass through the AV node. This gives the atria time to finish contracting before the ventricles are depolarized.

Heart tissue dies during a myocardial infarction (MI), and a person's survival and recovery depend on the extent of cell death and the chamber(s) involved. In which chamber would the loss of function be most damaging to survival? Left atrium Right ventricle Left Ventricle Right atrium

Left Ventricle The left ventricle loss of function would be most damaging because it provides enough pressure of blood to send to the rest of the body.

A poison that breaks down capillary tight junctions, allowing blood proteins to leak into the interstitial fluid, will cause what change in the net filtration pressure? Net filtration pressure will not be affected by the loss of proteins, allowing the net filtration to remain stable between the capillaries and the interstitial fluid. Net filtration pressure will greatly decrease, causing massive fluid loss from the blood into the interstitial fluid. Net filtration pressure will greatly increase, leading to massive fluid loss from the blood into the interstitial fluid Net filtration pressure will increase, resulting in a fluid loss from the interstitial fluid into the capillaries.

Net filtration pressure will greatly increase, leading to massive fluid loss from the blood into the interstitial fluid A poison that breaks down tight junctions in the capillaries, allowing for proteins to leak into the interstitial fluid, will cause the overall net filtration pressure to strongly favor filtration, resulting in a potentially massive fluid loss from the blood to the interstitial fluid.

name the highlighted structure left auricle right auricle right atrium left atrium

PHOTO a

What normally serves as the pacemaker of the entire heart?

SA node

Which part of the intrinsic conduction system normally initiates the depolarizing impulse that causes a heartbeat? Internodal pathway AV bundle SA node AV node

SA node

Order of elements being depolarized SA note, AV nodes, AV bundle, internodal pathways, Purkinje fibers SA note, internodal pathways, AV nodes, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers AV nodes, AV bundle, SA note, internodal pathways, Purkinje fibers

SA note, internodal pathways, AV nodes, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

PHOTO: Aortic valve opens where on the diagram?

SEE PHOTO B

Predict the position of the valves during the. ventricular ejection phase The AV valves and semilunar valves are shut The AV valves are forced open while both semilunar valves are shut. The AV valves are shut while both semilunar valves are forced open. The AV valves and semilunar valves are forced open.

The AV valves are shut while both semilunar valves are forced open.

Which of the following happens immediately after the P wave? The ventricles contract. The atria contract. The atria relax. The ventricles relax.

The atria contract.

Which layer of the heart wall is composed of the tissue shown here? myocardium endocardium fibrous pericardium visceral pericardium

Which layer of the heart wall is composed of the tissue shown here? a.

Which structure is highlighted? epithelium tunica media tunica externa tunica intima

Which structure is highlighted? c.

LABELING superior vena cava brachiocephalic internal jugular cephalic

Which vein is highlighted? internal jugular

Which vein is highlighted? renal hepatic portal superior mesenteric splenic

Which vein is highlighted? d.

Which vein is highlighted? basilic subclavian cephalic brachial

Which vein is highlighted? c.

The beginning of the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram (ECG) immediately precedes which of the following events? closing of the atrioventricular valves closing of the semilunar valves atrial contraction blood ejection from the ventricles

closing of the atrioventricular valves The QRS complex is a recording of ventricular depolarization. This depolarization begins just prior to the ventricular contraction it initiates. As the ventricles contract, the increase in ventricular pressure closes the atrioventricular valves, beginning isovolumetric contraction. As ventricular pressure increases above the corresponding blood vessel, only then do the semilunar valves open, initiating ventricular ejection.

Which pressure is created by the presence of large proteins in the blood, such as albumin? hydrostatic pressure interstitial fluid osmotic pressure colloid osmotic pressure interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

colloid osmotic pressure

An increase in sympathetic stimulation of the heart would increase stroke volume by increasing __________. heart rate end diastolic volume end systolic volume contractility

contractility

Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles? increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system decreased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system

decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system a decrease in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system would result in decreased activity of vasomotor fibers, resulting in vasodilation

Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles? decreased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system

decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system Yes, a decrease in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system would result in decreased activity of vasomotor fibers, resulting in vasodilation.

What is the most superficial layer of the pericardial sac? fibrous pericardium visceral pericardium parietal pericardium epicardium

epicardium

Which of the following is not a function of the liver via the hepatic portal system? storage of glucose detoxification reactions destruction of red blood cells erythropoiesis

erythropoiesis

The leakiest capillaries, which allow large substances and cells to cross the capillary wall, are called ________________. sinusoidal capillaries fenestrated capillaries metarterioles continuous capillaries

sinusoidal capillaries continuous capillaries - least leaky fenestrated capillaries - next leakiest. (fluids) sinusoidal capillaries - most leaky

Which artery supplies the small intestine with blood? hepatic artery superior mesenteric artery inferior mesenteric artery middle mesenteric artery

superior mesenteric artery

Which artery supplies the small intestine with blood? superior mesenteric artery inferior mesenteric artery hepatic artery middle mesenteric artery

superior mesenteric artery

The vessels that deliver oxygen to the tissues of the body are part of the __________. coronary circuit pulmonary circuit systemic circuit conducting circuit

systemic circuit The systemic circuit is between the heart and the tissues of the body.

he aortic valve closes when __________. the pressure in the left ventricle raises above the atrial pressure the pressure in the left ventricle falls below atrial pressure the pressure in the left ventricle falls below aortic pressure the pressure in the left ventricle raises above the aortic pressure

the pressure in the left ventricle falls below aortic pressure

The aortic valve opens when ...

the pressure in the ventricle rises above aortic pressure.

The myogenic mechanism counters changes in blood flow through capillary beds by altering arterial resistance true/false

true

which vein is highlighted? internal jugular external jugular facial superficial temporal

which vein is highlighted? c.