CH 17 HW (Heart)

The capillaries receiving blood flow from the left side of the heart are the _________

Aortic semilunar valve

What causes the abnormal swishing or whooshing sound that is heard as blood regurgitates back into an atrium from its associated ventricle?

Blood turbulence

The ______ carries oxygen- for venous blood from coronary circulation into the right atrium.

Coronary sinus

Which of the following is the innermost layer of the heart?

Endocardium ( lines the inside of the heart. Its surface is composed of simple squamous epithelium)

Assume blood is flowing from the coronary sinus to the lung capillaries. Place the anatomical items in order of flow.

From the coronary sinus, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries.

The ______ carries oxygen-poor venous blood from below the diaphragm from the areas of the lower body and extremities into the right atrium

Inferior vena cava

Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins?

Left atrium The atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.

Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the systemic circuit?

Left ventricle It pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the entire body (systemic circuit)

Drag and drop the terms to arrange them, from left to right, in order of blood flow of oxygen-rich blood into the heart.

Lungs > Lung Capillaries > Pulmonary Veins > Left Atrium > Mitral/Bicuspid Valve > Left Ventricle > Aortic/semilunar Valve > Aorta

Which layer of the heart wall contracts and is composed primarily of cardiac muscle tissue?

Myocardium ( Is composed of cardiac muscle and a dense network of connective tissue)

51 Sort the terms into the appropriate category of either oxygen-poor or oxygen-rich.

Oxygen Poor: Superior Vena Cava, Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Arteries Oxygen Rich: Aorta, Left Ventricle, Left Atrium Pulmonary Veins

Which heart chamber pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk?

Right ventricle It pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk to the lungs

The ________ carries oxygen-poor venous blood from above the diaphragm from areas of the upper body and extremities into the right atrium

Superior vena cava

Which of the following is true during ventricular systole?

The AV valves are closed. At the beginning of ventricular systole, the one-way AV valves are forced shut. The AV valves remain shut throughout ventricular systole. This prevents blood from flowing back into the atria when the ventricles contract.

Which of the following is equivalent to the ventricular volume during isovolumetric contraction?

The end diastolic volume (EDV). Isovolumetric contraction occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole when the ventricular volume is at its maximum value−the end diastolic volume (EDV). Because no volume changes occur during isovolumetric contraction, ventricular volume remains at this value throughout the phase.

Isovolumetric relaxation is characterized by which of the following?

The semilunar and AV valves are closed. During isovolumetric relaxation, all valves into and out of the ventricles remain closed. This prevents blood from flowing backward through the heart.

When the atria contract, which of the following is true?

The ventricles are in diastole. Atrial contraction fills each of the ventricles to their maximum capacity−the end diastolic volume (EDV). This occurs towards the end of ventricular diastole while the ventricles are still relaxed.

Drag and drop the correct identification label to the box with a leader line. Answers may be used once or not at all.

Tricuspid valve, inferior vena cava and pulmonary semilunar valve, right ventricle, pulmonary artery and pulmonary trunk, lung capillary bed.

What does the QRS wave of the electrocardiogram (ECG) represent?

Ventrical depolarization

What is happening during the "pause" phase when the heart is resting (relaxing)?

Ventricles are filling

The vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood to tissues is the _______

aorta

Select the correct partial path. This path is part of the complete blood flow pathway. You should be able to trace flow starting in any location.

aorta to smaller systemic arteries to systemic capillaries to systemic veins to right atrium through the tricuspid valve

The structure that is located anatomically between the aorta and the left ventricle is the ___________

aortic semilunar valve

Atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

atrial contraction Blood always flows from high to low pressure. During atrial contraction, blood flows from atria (high pressure) to ventricles (low pressure). Similarly, this same pressure gradient exists during ventricular filling.

Which of the following is equivalent to the ventricular volume during isovolumetric relaxation?

end systolic volume (ESV). Isovolumetric relaxation occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole when the ventricular volume is at its minimum value−the end systolic volume (ESV). Because no volume changes occur during isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular volume remains at this value throughout the phase.

In what direction does blood flow through the heart?

from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure Blood moves through the heart from atria to ventricles and out large arteries, always from areas of high pressure to areas of lower pressure through one-way valves

Which chamber of the heart sends oxygenated blood to the systemic circuit via the aorta?

left ventricle

The structure that prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium is the _________

mitral (bicuspid) valve

Part F - Conclusion: Valves in Blood Flow through the Heart Drag and drop valve names to their correct location in the image.

photo

Which of the following is a branch of the right coronary artery?

posterior inter ventricular artery

Which chamber receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae?

right atrium. The right atrium receives unoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit

During the ventricular ejection phase of the cardiac cycle, which of the following is true?

the semilunar valves are open.. During ventricular ejection, blood flows from the ventricles into the arteries. To do so, the blood must pass through the semilunar valves, which must be open during this phase. Narrowing of the left semilunar valve reduces blood flow out of the heart, a disease condition known as aortic stenosis.

What is the main function of heart valves?

to prevent backward flow of blood. Heart valves are one-way valves that prevent blood from flowing backward. For example, the AV valves only allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles. And the semilunar valves only allow blood to flow from the ventricles to the aorta and pulmonary trunk. When valves do not completely close, blood flows backward through the heart, creating an abnormal "sloshing" sound known as a heart murmur.

The __________ valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

tricuspid

The heart is actually (one, two, or three) pumps?

two pumps Yes, the right side of the heart pumps to/from the lungs (pulmonary circuit) and the left side of the heart pumps to/from the rest of the body (the systemic circuit).

Ventricular pressure is greater than aortic pressure during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

ventricular ejection While pressure in the ventricle is greater than pressure in the aorta, the semilunar valve remains open. This allows blood to be ejected from the ventricle.

Most of the decrease in ventricular volume takes place during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

ventricular ejection. As the ventricles contract, blood is forced through the semilunar valves and out into the arteries, resulting in a reduction in ventricular blood volume. At the end of this phase, ventricular volume is at a minimum−the "end-systolic volume" (ESV).

Most of the increase in left ventricular volume takes place during what phase of the cardiac cycle?

ventricular filling. During ventricular filling the AV valves remain open, which allows blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles. The passive flow of blood during this phase (before atrial contraction) accounts for roughly 80 percent of the increase in ventricular volume.

At what point in the cardiac cycle does the AV valve open?

when atrial pressure becomes greater than ventricular pressure Blood flows through the heart in one direction (atria-ventricles-large arteries) and from high to low pressure. When pressure in the atrium becomes greater than ventricular pressure, the AV valve opens; and blood flows from the atrium into the ventricle. Return to Assignment

At what point in the cardiac cycle does the semilunar valve close?

when pressure in the ventricle becomes less than aortic pressure When pressure in the ventricle drops below aortic pressure, the semilunar valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward through the heart.

At what point in the cardiac cycle does the semilunar valve open?

when ventricular pressure becomes greater than aortic pressure When pressure in the ventricle exceeds pressure in the aorta, the semilunar valve opens. This allows blood to be ejected from the ventricle.

At what point during the cardiac cycle does the AV valve close?

when ventricular pressure becomes greater than atrial pressure When ventricular pressure rises above atrial pressure, the AV valve closes. This prevents blood from flowing backward through the heart.