Ch 17 mastering biology
All of the above.
How is translation initiated? View Available Hint(s) The small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA. The tRNA bearing methionine binds to the start codon. The large ribosomal subunit binds to the small one. The start codon signals the start of translation. All of the above.
P
Part complete The initiator tRNA attaches at the ribosome's _____ site. A translocation E P Q
mRNA.
The editing of the RNA transcript produces ________
The promoter
the region of DNA at which the process of transcription begins
proteins
what are composed of amino acid monomers.
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Amino acids are attached to tRNA by enzymes called
translation
The process, performed by the ribosome, of reading mRNA and synthesizing a protein is called
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
What enzyme catalyzes the attachment of an amino acid to tRNA? aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase rubisco dextrinase argininosuccinate lyase nuclease
initiation (of translation)
What is the name of the process shown in the diagram? initiation (of transcription) RNA processing initiation (of translation) elongation termination (of translation)
RNA processing
What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA? RNA processing gene expression polypeptide formation transcription translation
B
Which of these is a tRNA? The figure shows a process of translation. Each letter marks a definite structure. Letter A marks the thread, to which the ribosome is attached. This thread is the base of the translation. Letter B marks the structure, which is bonded with Gly and is located inside the ribosome. Letter C marks the structure, in which the translation happens. Letter D marks the thread, which is formed by the translation. Letter E marks the structures, which are constituent elements of the forming thread. A B C D E
A gene codes for either a polypeptide or an RNA molecule.
Which of these is currently considered the best definition of a gene? View Available Hint(s) A gene codes for either a polypeptide or an RNA molecule. A gene codes for a single protein. A gene codes for a single polypeptide. A gene codes for a particular ribozyme. A gene codes for a single enzyme.
transcription
Part complete What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA? RNA processing gene expression polypeptide formation transcription translation
translation
Part complete What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein? RNA processing gene expression polypeptide formation transcription translation
RNA polymerase
In the diagram below, the gray unit represents _____. RNA DNA transcription factors RNA polymerase the promoter
the promoter
In the diagram below, the green unit represents _____. RNA DNA transcription factors RNA polymerase the promoter
RNA
Nucleotides are added to the 3' end of ____
three ... amino acid
Part complete A codon consists of _____ bases and specifies which _____ will be inserted into the polypeptide chain. View Available Hint(s) four ... amino acid two ... nucleotide three ... amino acid four ... fatty acid three ... nucleotide
introns ... exons
Part complete After an RNA molecule is transcribed from a eukaryotic gene, what are removed and what are spliced together to produce an mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence? View Available Hint(s) introns ... exons silencers ... enhancers promoters ... operators exons ... introns operators ... promoters
DNA
Part complete In the diagram below, the two blue strands represent _____. View Available Hint(s) RNA DNA transcription factors RNA polymerase the promoter
amino acids
Part complete Polypeptides are assembled from _____. hexoses glycerol nucleotides proteins amino acids
mRNA
Part complete RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____. a protein DNA a eukaryotic cell mRNA a polypeptide
complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon.
Part complete The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is catalytic, making the tRNA a ribozyme. changeable, depending on the amino acid that attaches to the tRNA. complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon. the part of tRNA that bonds to a specific amino acid. complementary to the corresponding triplet in rRNA.
5' —> 3'
Part complete The direction of synthesis of an RNA transcript is _____. 1' —> 5' 5' —> 3' 1' —> 3' 3' —> 5' 2' —> 4'
from DNA to RNA to protein
Part complete The flow of information in a cell proceeds in what sequence? View Available Hint(s) from DNA to protein to RNA from DNA to RNA to protein from RNA to DNA to protein from protein to RNA to DNA from RNA to protein to DNA
It unwinds the double helix and adds nucleotides to a growing strand of RNA.
Part complete What is the function of RNA polymerase? View Available Hint(s) It adds nucleotides to the 5' end of the growing mRNA molecule. It proceeds slowly along the DNA strand, requiring about a minute to add two nucleotides to the growing mRNA molecule. It unwinds the double helix and adds nucleotides to a growing strand of RNA. All of the above.
It starts after a certain nucleotide sequence called a promoter.
Part complete Where does RNA polymerase begin transcribing a gene into mRNA? View Available Hint(s) It looks for the AUG start codon. It starts at one end of the chromosome. The ribosome directs it to the correct portion of the DNA molecule. Transfer RNA acts to translate the message to RNA polymerase. It starts after a certain nucleotide sequence called a promoter.
Deletion of one nucleotide
Part complete Which of the following mutations would likely be most dangerous to a cell? Substitution of one nucleotide for another Deletion of three nucleotides Deletion of one nucleotide
GTTACG CAAUGC
Part complete Which of these correctly illustrates the pairing of DNA and RNA nucleotides? GTTACG CAATCG GTTACG CAAUGC GTTACG GTTACG GTTACG ACCGTA GTTACG UAACAU
None of the above.
Part complete Which one of the following is true of tRNAs? View Available Hint(s) tRNAs carry special sequences known as codons. There are four types of tRNA. Each tRNA binds a particular codon. tRNAs are double-stranded. All of the above. None of the above.
tRNA
The RNA that has an amino acid attached to it, and that binds to the codon on the mRNA, is called a ______
CUG
The tRNA anticodon, GAC, is complementary to the mRNA codon with the sequence _____. CAG CTG GAC CUG TCG
Initiation
_________ of translation always happens at the start codon of the mRNA.
Termination
________of translation happens when the ribosome hits a stop codon on the mRNA.
Transcription
the process by which a DNA template is used for the manufacture of several different types of RNA.
Translation
the process by which information encoded in RNA is used to manufacture a polypeptide.
