CH 17 Quiz

Differences between endocrine and exocrine glands include

- endocrine glands secrete hormones while exocrine glands secrete non-hormonal substances - exocrine glands secrete their contents into ducts; endocrine glands have no ducts

The patient shown is suffering from a disease called_________, caused by a pituitary hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood.

Acromegaly

Which type of anterior pituitary cell secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)?

Corticotrophs

Which of the following hormones plays key regulatory roles in the body's long-term response to stress?

Cortisol, hGH, Thyroid hormone

All the following hormones are produced and secreted by the ovaries EXCEPT

FSH

Hypersecretion of a hormone by the endocrine gland marked in the diagram results in a type of depression that affects some people during the winter months, when the day length is short, known as

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Alpha Cell

Secretes Glucagon B

Leptin is a hormone produced by the

adipose tissue

Since insulin released from the pancreas is carried in the bloodstream to distant target cells, like muscle cells, it is considered to be a(n)

circulating hormone

When a hormone is present in excessive levels, the number of target-cell receptors may decrease. This is called

down-regulation

The adrenal medulla develops from which of the following germ layers during embryonic development?

ectoderm

The anterior pituitary develops from which of the following germ layers during embryonic development?

ectoderm

The thyroid gland develops from which of the following germ layers during embryonic development?

endoderm

Which of the following hormones are released in response to decreases in blood glucose concentration?

glucagon

Which blood glucose-lowering hormone is produced by the pancreatic islet cells?

insulin

Which of the following is an example of a hormone that is secreted from an endocrine gland in response to a chemical change in the blood?

- Parathyroid hormone release from the parathyroid gland - Insulin release from the pancreas - Glucagon release from the pancreas - ADH release from the posterior pituitary gland

Which of the labeled steps in the diagram represents the synthesis of thyroglobulin (TGB) within the follicular cells?

2

Which zone of the adrenal gland secretes aldosterone?

A

Which of the labeled endocrine glands secretes hGH, TSH, FSH and other hormones?

B

Which of the following hormones is produced in zone of adrenal gland labeled B?

Cortisol

Which of the following conditions would result from hyposecretion of aldosterone?

Dehydration

Which of the labeled endocrine glands secretes steroid hormones in response to long-term stress?

H

The endocrine gland shown in the diagram is found in a depression in the sphenoid bone (marked in the diagram) called the

Hypophyseal Fossa

What is the major function of the hormone produced by the cells marked in the thyroid follicle shown in the histology picture?

Involved in regulation of calcium homeostasis

Hypothyroidism during adulthood can produce which of the following disorders?

Myxedema

Which of the following pairs of hormones are released by the posterior pituitary gland?

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

The disorder shown in one of the identical twins seen in this figure is due to a hypersecretion of hormones by which endocrine gland?

Pituitary Gland

Which of the following is NOT a function of a hormone?

Produces electrolytes

Beta Cell

Secretes Insulin C

F Cell

Secretes Pancreatic Polypeptide E

Delta Cell

Secretes Somatostatin D

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates general body growth?

Somatotropin

Which of the following bones (marked in the diagram) contains a depression which houses the endocrine gland shown in the diagram?

Sphenoid Bone

Which of the following hormones is produced by the endocrine gland marked in the diagram?

Thymopoietin

Which of the following diseases result when the cells marked in the histology image are destroyed by the immune system?

Type 1 Diabetes

Which labeled structure in the diagram secretes glucagon?

alpha cells

When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone, it is called a(n)

antagonistic effect

All prostaglandins are derived from a 20-carbon precursor molecule called

arachidonic acid

Which labeled structure in the diagram secretes a hormone that stimulates events that lower blood glucose concentration?

beta cells

The amount of ADH that is released by the posterior pituitary glands varies with

blood osmotic pressure

Which of the following hormones opposes the action of parathyroid hormone?

calcitonin

Parathyroid hormone is the major regulator of the plasma concentration of which of the following ions?

calcium

A condition characterized by excessive development of mammary glands in a male is called

gynecomastia

Which of the following is a protein hormone produced by the testes that inhibits secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary gland?

inhibin

Endocrine tissues that secrete steroid hormones are derived from

mesoderm

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the

placenta

Which of the following hormones promotes increases in the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

thyroid hormone

Which of the labeled steps in the diagram represents coupling of T1 and T2?

5

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Which labeled structure in the diagram secretes glucagon?

B

Which of the choices below is a type of hormone that acts on neighboring cells without entering the bloodstream? I. Local hormone II. Paracrine III. Autocrine IV. Circulating hormone

Both 1 and 2

Which of the following is an eicosanoid? I. Prostaglandin II. Leukotriene III. Glycoprotein

Both 1 and 2

Which labeled structure in the diagram secretes a hormone that stimulates events that lower blood glucose concentration?

C

Which of the labeled endocrine glands secretes hormones that regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

C

Which zone of the adrenal gland secretes androgens?

C

Which of the following hormones is produced by the cells marked in the thyroid follicle shown in the histology picture?

Calcitonin

Which labeled structure in the diagram secrets somatostatin?

D

Which of the following conditions could potentially result from hyposecretion of a hormone released by the portion of the marked gland in the diagram?

Diabetes Insipidus

An individual with a deficiency in fatty acid intake might have difficulty producing which type of hormones?

Eicosanoid hormones

Which of the following describes a function of a hormone produced in zone of the adrenal glad labeled B?

Enables body to resist stressors and also increases blood glucose.

What endocrine abnormality does the individual on the left in the picture of identical twins have?

Gigantism

The following is a possible progression of which of the following disorders: Inadequate dietary iodine intake -> low level of thyroid hormone in blood -> increased TSH secretion -> thyroid gland enlargement.

Goiter

Which of the following endocrine disorders is the individual shown in this picture suffering from?

Goiter

Which of the following is an abnormal condition of excess androgen secretion, observed primarily in women, that is characterized by the presence of excessive body and facial hair in a male pattern?

Hirsutism

What controls hormone release from the anterior pituitary gland?

Hormones released from the hypothalamus

Which of the following labeled endocrine glands secretes hormones that regulate blood calcium levels?

I

How are most hormones released?

In short bursts with little or no secretion between bursts.

Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland aging effect?

Increase in thymus size

Which of the following is NOT a common response of the body to long-term stress?

Increased digestive activities

Which of the following is NOT a common effect of glucocorticoid stimulation?

Increased production of all types of blood cells

Identify the stalk-like structure labeled A in the diagram

Infundibulum

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of an exocrine gland?

Its secretory products are carried in body fluids to distant target cells.

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing of a body system and an endocrine contribution to that system?

Leptin enhances appetite.

Which of the following statements correctly compares water-soluble hormones with lipid-soluble hormones?

Only water-soluble hormones use second messengers.

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates the gonads to secrete progesterone and/or testosterone?

Luteinizing hormone

Which of the following is NOT a common method of stimulating hormone secretion from an endocrine cell?

Mechanical stretching of the endocrine cell

Seasonal affective disorder is due to hypersecretion of which following hormones by the endocrine gland marked in the diagram?

Melatonin

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates milk production?

Prolactin

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a step in the synthesis and secretion of T3 and T4?

Synthesis of parathyroid hormone

Which of the following hormones is produced by the cells marked in the thyroid follicle shown in the histology picture?

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Which of the following glands is NOT an endocrine gland?

sebaceous gland

Which endocrine gland stores its hormonal product for approximately 100 days?

thyroid