Ch 18

The photo above, showing skin-tone evaluation performed on an Indonesian inmate in a Dutch colonial prison in 1933, most clearly exemplifies which of the following?

Influence of scientific theories on race

"The Australian nation is another case of a great civilization supplanting a lower race unable to make full use of the land and its resources... The author must have agreed with which of the following statements?

Britain had contributed to human progress by taking over new colonies in Africa.

The "second Industrial Revolution" in the last half of the nineteenth century was associated with the mass production of which of the following groups of products?

Electricity, steel, and chemicals

Which of the following facilitated European expansion in Asia in the nineteenth century?

Europe's development of new military technologies

Which of the following was a major unintended effect of the publication of Charles Darwin's 1859 work On the Origin of Species?

It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples.

"The Australian nation is another case of a great civilization supplanting a lower race unable to make full use of the land and its resources... Pearson's argument in the passage is most clearly representative of which of the following ideologies?

Social Darwinism

Adoption of which of the following power sources has contributed the most to increasing the energy available to humans?

Fossil fuels

Which of the following best describes how nineteenth-century European industrialization affected European women's lives?

Married women found it increasingly difficult to balance wage work and family responsibilities.

Which of the following facilitated the creation of European empires in Africa during the late nineteenth century?

Europeans' use of both warfare and diplomacy

Which of the following best characterizes Western imperialist expansion in the late nineteenth century?

An unprecedented amount of territory colonized in a short period of time

*French national holiday celebrating the 1789 French Revolution **French colonial territory in Polynesia, the South Pacific The photograph best supports which of the following inferences about French colonial rule in Tahiti in the 1880?

Colonial authorities attempted to impart a sense of French national identity to native Tahitians.

"Every denial of justice, every beating by the police, every demand of [colonial] workers that is drowned in blood, every scandal that is hushed up, every punitive expedition . . . brings home to us the value of our old societies. They were communal societies, never societies of the many for the few. They were societies that were not only pre-capitalist, but also anti-capitalist. They were democratic societies, always. They were cooperative societies, fraternal societies. I make a systematic defense of the societies destroyed by imperialism." Aimé Césaire, Afro-Caribbean intellectual, Discourse on Colonialism, 1953 Césaire's statement above was most likely made in response to

European colonizers' claim that their rule had improved life in the colonies

"The Australian nation is another case of a great civilization supplanting a lower race unable to make full use of the land and its resources... In the late 1800s, attitudes such as the one expressed in the passage had contributed most directly to which of the following?

European states' competition to acquire overseas colonies

"The Australian nation is another case of a great civilization supplanting a lower race unable to make full use of the land and its resources. The struggle means suffering, intense suffering, while it is in progress; but that struggle and that suffering have been the stages by which the White man has reached his present stage of development, and they account for the fact that he no longer lives in caves and feeds on roots and nuts. This dependence of progress on the survival of the fitter race, terribly harsh as it may seem to some of you, gives the struggle for existence its redeeming features; it is the fiery crucible out of which comes the finer metal." Karl Pearson, British mathematics professor, National Life from the Standpoint of Science, 1900 The founding of "the Australian nation," as alluded to in the passage, was part of which of the following processes?

European states' establishment of settler colonies

"Again, another marked characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon is what may be called an instinct or genius for colonizing. His unequaled energy, his indomitable perseverance, and his personal independence, made him a pioneer. He excels all others in pushing his way into new countries." Josiah Strong, American Protestant clergyman, essay on Anglo-Saxons, 1891 The sentiments expressed in the quotation above are most supportive of which of the following concepts?

Imperialism

Poem 1 "The world calls us coolie.* Why doesn't our flag fly anywhere? How shall we survive, are we slaves forever? Why aren't we involved in politics? From the beginning we have been oppressed. Why don't we even dream of freedom? Only a handful of oppressors have taken our fields. Why has no Indian cultivator risen and protected his land? Our children cry out for want of education. Why don't we open science colleges?" *An insulting term for South or East Asian manual workers Poem 2 "Why do you sit silent in your own country You who make so much noise in foreign lands? Noise outside of India is of little avail. Pay attention to activities within India. You are quarreling and Hindu-Muslim conflict is prevalent. The jewel of India is rotting in the earth because you are fighting over the Vedas and the Koran. Go and speak with soldiers. Ask them why they are asleep, men who once held swords. Muslim, Hindu, and Sikh heroes should join together. The power of the oppressors is nothing if we unitedly attack him. Indians have been the victors in the battlefields of Burma, Egypt, China and the Sudan." In Poem 1, the sentiments regarding education and politics are best understood in the context of which of the following?

The British failure to provide mass education in India, for fear that doing so would encourage resistance against imperial rule

"I have longed to make the acquaintance of a 'modern girl,' that proud, independent girl who has all my sympathy! I do not belong to the Indian world, but to that of my sisters who are struggling forward in the distant West. If the laws of my land permitted it, I would be like the new woman in Europe; but age-long traditions that cannot be broken hold us back. Someday those traditions will loosen and let us go, but it may be three, four generations after us. Oh, you do not know what it is to love this young, new age with heart and soul, and yet to be bound hand and foot, chained by all the laws, customs, and conventions of one's land. All our institutions are directly opposed to the progress for which I so long for the sake of our people. Day and night I wonder by what means our ancient traditions could be overcome. But it was not the voices alone which reached me from that distant, bright, new-born Europe, which made me long for a change in existing conditions for women. Even in my childhood, the word 'emancipation' enchanted my ears and awakened in me an ever-growing longing for freedom and independence—a longing to stand alone." Raden Adjeng Kartini, Javanese noblewoman in Dutch Indonesia, letter to a friend, Java, 1899 Which of the following best explains Kartini's familiarity with the ideas regarding social roles that she discusses in her letter?

The spread of Enlightenment thought as empires consolidated control over their territories