CH 18 questions

Which of the following managers is using a method that will effectively control conflict? a. Robert, who hires new employees who present a new perspective to a problem b. Alia, who expands the resource base so that funds can be distributed equitably c. Gregor, who convinces two conflicting employees to reach a compromise d. Lydia, who abolishes a number of unnecessary corporate policies

Alia, who expands the resource base so that funds can be distributed equitably

Which of the following is true of interorganizational conflict? a. Conflict arises between two or more organizational groups. b. Conflict arises between one organization and another. c. Conflict arises between individuals and organizations. d. Conflict arises between two or more individuals.

Conflict arises between one organization and another.

Which of the following is true of conflict? a. Conflict only arises in intergroup relationships. b. Conflict may manifest itself in a variety of ways. c. Conflict is never beneficial. d. Conflict must be avoided at all costs.

Conflict may manifest itself in a variety of ways. -People may compete with one another, glare at one another, shout, or withdraw. Groups may band together to protect popular members or oust unpopular members

Roy, a manager at a technology firm, is in charge of a team that is responsible for releasing a new product within a specified timeline. Which of the following should Roy do in order to increase the cohesiveness of his team? a. He should increase the size of the team. b. He should increase intragroup competition. c. He should allow opportunities for interaction. d. He should emphasize competition among employees.

He should allow opportunities for interaction. -The more frequently members of the group interact with one another, the more likely the group is to become cohesive

Which of the following is a method of stimulating conflict? a. Matching personalities and work habits of employees b. Enhancing coordination of interdependence c. Bringing conflicting parties together to address conflict d. Increasing competition among individuals and teams

Increasing competition among individuals and teams

Which of the following best defines a team? a. It is a permanent group of people created by an organization to accomplish a number of organizational purposes with an unspecified time horizon. b. It is a group of workers that functions as a unit, often with little or no supervision, to carry out work-related tasks, functions, and activities. c. It is a group of individuals who are seated together within an organizational workspace. d. It is a group comprised of people who come together briefly for a briefing and then disperse.

It is a group of workers that functions as a unit, often with little or no supervision, to carry out work-related tasks, functions, and activities.

Which of the following best defines a functional group? a. It is a permanent group created by an organization to accomplish a number of organizational purposes with an unspecified time horizon. b. It is a group created by its members for purposes that may or may not be relevant to those of the organization. c. It is a group created by an organization to accomplish a relatively narrow range of purposes within a stated or implied time horizon. d. It is a group created for workers to function as a unit, often with little or no supervision, to carry out work-related tasks, functions, and activities

It is a permanent group created by an organization to accomplish a number of organizational purposes with an unspecified time horizon.

Which of the following best describes intrarole conflict? a. It occurs when a person gets incompatible demands from different sources within the context of the same role. b. It exists when the expectations of two or more roles are incompatible. c. It occurs when a single source sends clear but contradictory messages. d. It results from a discrepancy between the role requirements and an individual's personal values, attitudes, and needs.

It occurs when a person gets incompatible demands from different sources within the context of the same role.

Which of the following is true of role ambiguity? a. It occurs when an individual has a good understanding of what is expected of him or her. b. It occurs when cues composing the sent role are comprehensible but contradictory. c. It occurs when messages composing a role are clear but mutually exclusive. d. It occurs when the sent role is unclear in nature.

It occurs when the sent role is unclear in nature. -In work settings, role ambiguity can stem from poor job descriptions, vague instructions from a supervisor, or unclear cues from coworkers

Which of the following is true of the cognitive approach? a. It was developed using mathematical models to predict the outcome of negotiation situations. b. It requires the ability to describe all possible outcomes in every situation. c. It concentrates on the personality traits of the negotiators. d. It recognizes that negotiators often depart from perfect rationality during negotiation.

It recognizes that negotiators often depart from perfect rationality during negotiation.

Which of the following is true of negotiation? a. It is a process that is limited to two parties. b. Negotiations between labor unions and the management of a firm are the simplest form of negotiations. c. It takes place between parties who have the same preferences regarding an issue. d. Its approaches include situational characteristics and game theory.

Its approaches include situational characteristics and game theory. -Negotiation is the process in which two or more parties (people or groups) reach agreement on an issue even though they have different preferences regarding that issue. Four primary approaches to negotiation have dominated this study: individual differences, situational characteristics, game theory, and cognitive approaches

_____ is generalized norm conformity that occurs as a person makes the transition from being an outsider to being an insider in an organization. a. Conflict b. Socialization c. Cohesiveness d. Norming

Socialization

Which of the following is a reason people choose to form informal or interest groups? a. They are attracted to one another. b. They do not have similar economic standings. c. They are dependent on each other. d. They lack similar social standings.

They are attracted to one another.

Complete absence of conflict in an organization may result in _____. a. creativity b. complacency c. high performance d. hostility

complacency

_____ is a disagreement among two or more individuals, groups, or organizations. a. Conflict b. Cohesiveness c. Conformity d. Congruity

conflict

Which of the following is a method of controlling conflict? a. Expanding the resource base b. Increasing competition among teams c. Changing established procedures d. Convincing conflicting parties to compromise

expanding the resource base -Another method is to enhance coordination of interdependence

A(n) _____ is defined as two or more people who interact regularly to accomplish a common purpose or goal. a. cluster b. group c. assembly d. structure

group

Conflict can be stimulated by: a. setting superordinate goals. b. hiring outsiders. c. compromising. d. matching personalities with work habits.

hiring outsiders -Outsiders may be new employees, current employees assigned to an existing work group, or consultants or advisors hired on a temporary basis.

A(n) _____ is created by its members for purposes that may or may not be relevant to those of the organization. a. task group b. functional group c. informal group d. secondary group

informal group

Following a decrease in international demand, the management of a publishing firm reduces the budget of the print media division in order to allocate resources for e-publishing. The resulting conflict between these two departments is an example of _____ conflict. a. interorganizational b. interpersonal c. intergroup d. intercommunal

intergroup

Conflict between two or more individuals is an example of _____. a. interpersonal conflict b. interorganizational conflict c. environmental conflict d. intergroup conflict

interpersonal conflict -A frequent source of interpersonal conflict in organizations is what many people call a "personality clash," when two people distrust each other's motives, dislike each other, or for some other reason simply cannot get along.

_____ occurs when the messages and cues composing the sent role are clear but contradictory or mutually exclusive. a. Role overload b. Role ambiguity c. Role conflict d. Role congruity

role conflict

A _____ is created by an organization to accomplish a relatively narrow range of purposes within a stated or implied time horizon. a. management team b. functional group c. virtual team d. task group

task group -Most committees and task forces are task groups. The organization specifies group membership and assigns a relatively narrow set of goals.

The enacted role is best described as: a. what an individual actually does in the role. b. the messages that team members use to communicate the expected role to an individual. c. what an individual perceives the role to mean. d. what other members of a team expect an individual to do.

what an individual actually does in the role.