Ch. 18 Regulation of Gene Expression Dynamic Study Module

Chemotherapeutic treatment for breast cancer depends on the absence or overexpression of the __________ gene(s).

ERa, PR, and HER2

Which of the following best describes the makeup of the human genome?

Genes for noncoding RNA make up the majority of meaningful genetic information in the human genome.

What gene has been called the "guardian angel of the genome?"

The p53 gene

What is the role of proteasomes?

They are giant protein complexes that recognize ubiquitin and degrade the tagged proteins.

In the lac operon, the inducer is __________.

allolactose, the isomer of lactose

Although the number of genes in the human genome is surprisingly low compared to less complex organisms, the number of possible products from those genes is greatly amplified by __________.

alternate arrangements of exons from a primary transcript

Post-transcriptional processing of a pre-mRNA allows for differential cell expression by a process called __________.

alternative splicing

In prokaryotic genomes, groups of functionally related genes along with their promoters and operators are found together in __________.

an operon

The trp (tryptophan) operon is an example of a(n) __________ that is controlled by __________.

anabolic pathway; feedback inhibition

Cytoplasmic determinants __________.

are RNAs, proteins, and other substances produced by the mother and deposited in the egg

Cell type-specific transcription is accomplished __________.

by specific enhancer control elements interacting with cell type-specific transcription factors

Gene expression in bacteria is regulated primarily by __________.

controlling the transcription of genes into mRNA

A cancer cell __________.

does not respond to the chemical signals that control cell division

In Drosophila development, the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo is determined by __________.

egg-polarity genes

In a eukaryote, activating transcription factors may stimulate gene expression by binding to a DNA site called a(n) __________.

enhancer

In Drosophila development, pattern development in the late embryo, larva, and adult is controlled by __________.

homeotic genes

The control of gene expression is more complex in multicellular eukaryotes than in prokaryotes because __________.

in a multicellular eukaryote, different cells are specialized for different functions

Small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) called piwi-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, __________.

induce the formation of heterochromatin and block the expression of movable DNA elements called transposons

The lac operon is an example of a(n) __________ operon.

inducible

Specific cells that appear undifferentiated under the microscope but are already fated to become muscle cells are called __________.

myoblasts

In eukaryotes, histone acetylation __________.

promotes transcription

In addition to a promoter, eukaryotic genes have control elements called __________.

proximal control elements and distal enhancers

What two genes are often mutated in colon cancer?

ras and p53

The trp (tryptophan) operon is an example of a(n) __________ operon.

repressible

In general, operons that encode the enzymes of a biosynthetic (anabolic) pathway (such as the trp operon) are __________, and those encoding the enzymes of a catabolic pathway (such as the lac operon) are __________.

repressible; inducibl

In the trp (tryptophan) operon, the __________ binds to the product of the trp operon synthesis pathway, called __________, forming the __________.

repressor protein; tryptophan; active corepressor

MicroRNAs binding to complementary sequences on an mRNA __________.

results in either blocking translation or degrading the targeted mRNA

In an inducible operon, the inducer is often the __________ in the pathway being regulated; the inducer binds to the __________, thus rendering it __________.

substrate; repressor; inactive

Both repressible and inducible operons control gene expression at the level of __________.

transcription

MyoD promotes muscle cell development by __________.

turning on the expression of multiple muscle-related genes