Ch 18: The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels Group 1 - Section 18_1-18_3

Stage 2 hypertension results if resting blood pressure is higher than:

140/90 mm Hg.

Which of the following hormones is released to decrease blood pressure?

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

________ is(are) not one of the three main factors that influence blood pressure.

Blood reservoirs

Which of the following structures connects vessels through vascular anastomoses?

Collaterals

Which of the following factors does not contribute to venous blood return?

Contractions of the right ventricle of the heart

Which of the following arteries has the smallest diameter?

Metarteriole

Which blood vessels handle the highest blood pressure?

Systemic arteries

Which blood vessels experience the sharpest decrease in blood pressure?

Systemic arterioles

_____ increases the diameter of a blood vessel.

Vasodilation

Which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body?

Veins

All of the following pairs correctly match the mechanisms affecting blood pressure with its effect except:

aldosterone; decreased blood volume.

A negative feedback mechanism will cause _____ if blood pressure drops.

an increase in heart rate, stroke volume, and vasoconstriction

Excessive vasodilation can lead to a condition known as ____.

anaphylactic shock

This figure shows changes in blood pressure as blood flows through the systemic circuit away from the heart. What would be the approximate pressure in a blood vessel leaving the kidneys in an individual lying down?

below 20 mm Hg

Pulmonary arteries have ____ blood pressure compared to systemic arteries.

considerably lower

The physiology of blood flow in the cardiovascular system is known as _____.

hemodynamics

Decreased cardiac output may lead to ____.

hypotension

Blood flow is directly proportional to _____ and inversely proportional to ____.

pressure gradient; resistance

The ____ is the only route in which arteries carry less oxygen than veins.

pulmonary circuit

One mechanism that increases the rate venous blood returns to the heart is by:

skeletal muscle pumps

An increase in blood pressure will cause all the following nerves to send impulses to the medulla oblongata except:

sympathetic nerves.

The innermost layer of blood vessels, that is composed of endothelium, is known as ____.

tunica intima

Arteries have a much thicker _____ than veins, which signifies their role in controlling blood pressure.

tunica media

Most blood is in the ___.

veins

What vessels typically carry blood away from the heart?

Arteries

____ carry blood away from the heart, whereas ___ carry blood toward the heart.

Arteries; veins

What is the mean arterial pressure (MAP) given a systolic pressure of 130 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of 70 mm Hg?

90 mm Hg

What is the average value for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

95 mm Hg

Which of the following molecules decreases heart rate, and thus cardiac output and blood pressure?

Acetylcholine

Which of the following hormones does not act to increase blood pressure?

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Which of the following stimuli is detected by a chemoreceptor?

Decreased blood oxygen concentration

Which of the following factors influences blood volume?

Dehydration

_______ will not cause an increase in arterial blood pressure.

Increased arteriolar vasodilation