ch 19 hw
Indicate whether each statement is true or false.
1. Glycoproteins and proteins on the surface of platelets allow them to attach to other molecules such as collagen in connective tissue. True 2. Platelets are tiny fragments of cytoplasm and plasma membrane from larger cells called hemocytoblasts. false 3. The platelet cytoplasm contains actin and myosin, which can cause contraction of the platelet. True 4. The life expectancy of platelets is about 120 days, after which they are filtered out of the bloodstream by the kidneys. False
Indicate whether each statement is true or false.
1. Hemoglobin consists of four heme polypeptide chains and four iron-containing globin groups. False 2. Each heme is a pigmented molecule containing one iron atom. True 3. There are three forms of hemoglobin: embryonic, fetal, and adult. true
Indicate whether each statement is true or false.
1. Hemoglobin consists of four heme polypeptide chains and four iron-containing globin groups. False 2. Each heme is a pigmented molecule containing one iron atom. True 3. There are three forms of hemoglobin: embryonic, fetal, and adult. True
True or False: Each item is a component of blood.
1. Interstitial fluid false 2. Cerebrospinal fluid False 3. Lymph False 4. Plasma True 5. Formed elements True
Match the white blood cell with the correct description or function.
1. Nucleus has up to five lobes Neutrophils 2. Phagocytize microorganisms and other substances neutrophils 3. Attack worm parasites Eosinophils 4. Granules stain blue or purple with basic dyes basophil 5. Release histamine and heparin Basophils 6. Produce antibodies Lymphocytes 7. Horseshoe-shaped nucleus Monocytes 8. Become macrophages Monocytes
Plasma makes up _______ of the total blood volume.
55%
Which of the following functions is associated with the blood?
Delivery of oxygen to tissue cells
Put the life cycle of an erythrocyte in order, beginning with their formation in red bone marrow.
Erythrocytes circulate for 120 days in the bloodstream. 2 Hemoglobin is converted to biliverdin. 4 Erythrocytes are phagocytized in the liver and spleen. 3 Erythrocytes form in red bone marrow. 1
Which plasma protein is correctly matched to its function?
Globulin - transport and immunity
Place each disorder with the description to which it corresponds.
Hemolytic anemia results from premature rupture of RBCs, releasing hemoglobin into the blood. Polycythemia describes the general condition of having excess RBCs. This increases hematocrit values and increases blood viscosity. Thrombosis results from the formation of blood clots in unbroken blood vessels. Pernicious anemia results from a deficiency of intrinsic factor, which is essential for intestinal uptake of vitamin B12 for RBC formation. Aplastic anemia results from a loss of red bone marrow or its ability to produce sufficient number of RBCs. WBC production is also decreased. Hemorrhagic anemia results from blood loss through bleeding.
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct.
Hypoxia is inadequate oxygen transportand can be detected by the kidneys and liver. When inadequate oxygen is detected, erythropoietin is produced and secreted. The hormone will stimulate the red bone marrow to produce RBCs. This will result in an increase of oxygentransport throughout the body. Thus, the correction of hypoxia is controlled by a negative feedback loop.
Which of the following would lead to increased erythropoiesis?
Increased erythropoietin levels
A severely dehydrated patient begins to experience the formation of random blood clots due to the concentration of clotting factors in the blood. Which of the following is the most likely clotting activation pathway in this situation?
Intrinsic mechanism of coagulation
Place the events of the life of a red blood cell in the correct order.
Late erythroblast 5 Red blood cell 7 Proerythroblast 2 Hemocytoblast 1 Early erythroblast 3 Intermediate erythroblast 4 Reticulocyte 6
Match the blood disorders with their corresponding descriptions to the left.
Leukemia refers to cancer of the bone marrow cells that form WBCs. Erythroblastosis results from agglutination by anti-Rh antibodies produced by a previously sensitized Rh negative female carrying an Rh positive fetus. Infectious mononucleosis is caused by a virus that infects lymphocytes. Leukemia is a disease state characterized by excessive WBC production that results in a crowding out of RBCs. Sickle-cell anemia is inherited, resulting in abnormal hemoglobin protein. It occurs primarily among the descendants of Africans having lived in malarial regions. Hemophilia is a condition characterized by excessive bleeding because of a reduced ability to form blood clots.
Which of the following cell types is incorrectly matched with its description?
Lymphocytes - become macrophages
Determine whether each cell is in the myeloid cell line or the lymphoid cell line.
Myeloid: Erythrocyte Megakaryocyte Platelet Neutrophil Basophil Eosinophil Monocyte Lymphoblast Lymphoid: lymphocytes
Mike has blood type A. He needs blood; however blood type A is not available. The next best choice would be blood type _______.
O
A person with type O blood should receive a blood transfusion from a donor with __________.
O blood
Which of the following is mismatched?
Pernicious anemia - loss of blood from the body
Choose the correct statement(s) regarding the composition of plasma. Check all that apply.
Plasma is mostly water. The most abundant nitrogenous waste is urea.
Which blood component is not correctly matched with its function?
Platelets - phagocytize bacteria
Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.
Platelets are irregular-shaped, membrane-enclosed cellular fragments that do not contain a nucleus. Platelets are continually produced in the red bone marrow by megakaryocytes. They serve an important function in hemostasis. Normally, the concentration of platelets in an adult ranges from 150,000 to 400,000, although the count may rise further during times of stress. Platelets can circulate in the blood for 5 to 9 days, unless they are needed earlier for blood clotting. An abnormally small number of platelets in circulating blood is termed thrombocytopenia.
Select the correct word from the list to complete each sentence.
Rh incompatibility can pose a major problem in pregnancy when the mother is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive. If fetal blood mixes with the mother's blood, the mother becomes sensitized to the Rh antigen . In the mother's first pregnancy, there is often no problem. However, if sensitization occurs, it can cause problems in a subsequent pregnancy. The mother produces anti-Rh antibodies that cross the placenta and cause agglutination and hemolysis of fetal red blood cells. This can result in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Prevention of HDN is often possible by injecting the mother with a/an antibody preparation against Rh antigen, which will prevent her from being sensitized.
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct.
The structure of adult hemoglobin consists of four polypeptide chains. Two of the polypeptide chains are alphaand two are beta. Each of the protein chains are conjugated to a nonprotein heme group. This group contains a(n) iron ion in the center. This center portion will reversibly bind oxygen.
Match each phrase to the cardiovascular system function it describes.
Transportation: movement, distribute, mechanism Protection: destruction, antibodies, platelets Regulation: vaso, biocarbonate
Check all that are functions of the blood in the body.
Transports oxygen from the lungs to body cells Transports carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs Regulates body temperature Helps maintain normal body pH levels Helps guard against infection
Match the blood type with the description.
Type A blood: 1 Type B blood: 2 Type AB blood: 3 Type O blood: 4
When trying to diagnose an infection that alters the percentages of leukocyte types found in the blood, it is useful for clinicians to perform
a white blood cell deferential count
Platelets
all are correct
If an expectant mother ingests aspirin near the end of pregnancy, thromboxane synthesis is inhibited and several effects are possible. Which of the following are possible outcomes?
all of the choices
In the breakdown of hemoglobin, the iron
all of the choices are correct
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) occurs when
an Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus.
In the breakdown of hemoglobin, the globin chains
are broken down by macrophages into amino acids
When defective erythrocytes are broken down,
bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin.
In adults, red blood cells are made in one place, spend most of their lifespan in another, and most are finally destroyed in yet another place. Which choice lists these locations in the correct chronological order?
bone marrow, blood vessel, spleen
When a person develops a sore throat, white blood cells are drawn to the area of infection by a process called __________.
chemotaxis
Which of the following is the name for the process of fibrin formation?
coagulation
Blood consists of a matrix of plasma and cells; blood is a subtype of ______ tissue.
connective
What may be affected if the enzyme carbonic anhydrase was not made in the body?
conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ion
Which of the following functions is associated with the blood?
delivery of oxygen to tissue cells
Because platelets do not have a nucleus, they generally die in about 100 days.
false
Hemostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment.
false
Platelets are roughly the same size as erythrocytes, and like erythrocytes, they eject their nucleus just before entering circulation.
false
Platelets increase the original stimulus by sticking together more. This is an example of negative feedback.
false
The component of plasma that forms threadlike proteins during blood clotting is ______.
fibrinogen
A person with type B blood
has anti-A antibodies
Type AB blood
has both A and B antigens on the red cells.
The sequence in the breakdown of the non-iron portion of the heme is
heme, biliverdin, bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, bilirubin derivitates, feces and urine
A friend moved to a high altitude home and experienced an increase in red blood cell count. Which of the following stimulated this increase?
hypoxia
The globulins are important plasma proteins that function in transport and _______.
immunity
A severely dehydrated patient begins to experience the formation of random blood clots due to the concentration of clotting factors in the blood. Which of the following is the most likely clotting activation pathway in this situation?
instricitc mechanism of coagulation
The only formed elements that possess a nucleus when mature are the __________.
leukocytes
The smallest leukocytes are the _____ and the largest are the ______.
lymphocytes, monocytes
A deficiency of __________ cells would likely result in a marked increase in the clotting time of blood.
megakaryoblast
A/An ________ is an agranulocyte.
monocyte
An adult patient is brought into the emergency room of a local hospital. The EMTs report the patient lost about 300 cc (cubic centimeters or milliliters) of blood. Is this life-threatening?
no most adults have 4-6 liters of blood
Check all that are formed elements.
not plasma
Which of the following phrases is least likely to be used in describing erythrocytes?
nucleus is centrally located
Which of the following is mismatched?
pernicious anemia - loss of blood from the body
Assuming a person has normal blood values, rank the following blood components from highest percentage to lowest percentage.
plama rac wbc
Choose the correct statement(s) regarding the composition of plasma. Check all that apply.
plasma is mostly water the most abundant nitrogenous waste is urea
Which blood component is not correctly matched with its function?
platelets - phagocytize bacteria
The buffy coat of a centrifuged blood sample is composed of __________.
platelets and leukocytes
During platelet plug formation,
platelets stick to the exposed collagen fibers of injured vessels.
RhoGAM injections are given to
prevent sensitization of the mother.
Red blood cells develop from
proerythroblasts
Platelets play an important role in preventing blood loss by
promoting the formation of clots to seal off wounds in vessels.
A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of blood functioning in __________.
protection
What is the function of the blood vessel constricting during hemostasis?
reduce blood flow to an area
An increased amount of heparin in the blood might
slow down the clotting process.
An increase in hemoglobin increases
the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to various tissues.
The hematocrit is
the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood
During platelet plug formation, platelets release _____ and endothelial cells release ____, which lead to vasoconstriction.
thromboxane; endothelin
Which blood type is considered the universal recipient?
AB
Each hemoglobin molecule
transports four oxygen molecules
Each hemoglobin molecule
transports four oxygen molecules.
Check all that are functions of the blood in the body.
transports o2 from lungs to body transports co2 from cells to lungs regulates body temp maintain normal pH levels helps guard against infection
Free bilirubin is transported by the blood to the liver.
true
Iron is transported in the blood by transferrin.
true
A person with type O blood should receive a blood transfusion from a donor with __________.
type O blood
Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used.
Abnormal numbers of leukocytes result from various pathologic conditions. For example, a reduced number of leukocytes can cause a serious disorder called leukopenia. This decreased number of leukocytes may increase the risk of a person developing an infection or decrease their ability to fight infection effectively. Conversely, leukocytosis results from a slightly elevated leukocyte count.The term differential count measures the amount of each type of leukocyte in your blood and determines whether any of the circulating leukocytes are immature. The normal range of leukocytes in circulating blood ranges from 4,500 to 11,000 cells per microliter, where 55-70% of these are neutrophils, 20-34% are lymphocytes, 2-8% are monocytes, 1-4% are eosinophils, and less than 1% are basophils.
Match the plasma protein with its description.
Albumin 1 Globulins 2 Fibrinogen 3
Why would a person have anti-Rh antibodies present in their blood?
An Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus.
Match the plasma protein with the correct description or example.
1. Albumin (abundance) 58% of the plasma proteins Correct 2. Globulins (abundance) 38% of the plasma proteins Correct 3. Fibrinogen (abundance) 4% of the plasma proteins Correct 4. Albumin (function) Regulation of water movement between tissues and blood Correct 5. Globulins (function) Provide protection against microorganisms Correct 6. Fibrinogen (function) Forms blood clots
Test your basic knowledge about blood with these four True/False questions.
1. Blood and its fibers are a type of loose reticular connective tissue. False 2. The liquid portion of blood is called plasma, and plasma makes up about 75% of the total blood volume. False 3. The total blood volume in the average adult is about 4-5 liters in females and 5-6 liters in males. True 4. Blood makes up about 8% of the total weight of the body. True
Test your basic knowledge about blood with these four True/False questions.
1. Blood and its fibers are a type of loose reticular connective tissue. False 2. The liquid portion of blood is called plasma, and plasma makes up about 75% of the total blood volume. False 3. The total blood volume in the average adult is about 4-5 liters in females and 5-6 liters in males. True 4. Blood makes up about 8% of the total weight of the body. True
Match the CBC measurement with the normal value or range.
1. Female red blood cell count 4.2-5.4 million/microliter 2. Male red blood cell count 4.7-6.1 million/microliter 3. Female hemoglobin count 12-15 g/100mL of blood 4. Male hemoglobin count 14-17 g/100mL of blood 5. Female hematocrit 38-47% of the total blood volume 6. Differential count of neutrophils 55-70% 7. Differential count of eosinophils 1-4% 8. Differential count of basophils .5-1% 9. Differential count of lymphocytes 20-34% 10. Differential count of monocytes 2-8%
Match the CBC measurement with the normal value or range.
1. Female red blood cell count 4.2-5.4 million/microliter 2. Male red blood cell count 4.7-6.1 million/microliter 3. Female hemoglobin count 12-15 g/100mL of blood 4. Male hemoglobin count 14-17 g/100mL of blood 5. Female hematocrit 38-47% of the total blood volume 6. Differential count of neutrophils 55-70% 7. Differential count of eosinophils 1-4% 8. Differential count of basophils .5-1% 9. Differential count of lymphocytes 20-34% 10. Differential count of monocytes 2-8%
The enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme converts arachidonic acid (a precursor molecule for eicosanoids) into a prostaglandin that can then be converted into thromboxane. Aspirin has been shown to be a COX inhibitor. Knowing these facts, why is aspirin given as a preventative medication for those with cardiovascular diseases?
Aspirin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and therefore inhibits thromboxane synthesis.