Ch 19 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart HW study

Assume a person is experiencing a hemorrhage and the HPc has dropped to 23 mm Hg at the arteriole end of the capillary. Calculate net filtration pressure (NFP) at the arteriole end of the capillary.

-2 mm Hg

You have a patient with a very low blood pressure of 80/60 mm Hg. What are the possible consequences of this low blood pressure on capillary function?

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) would not be high enough for adequate capillary exchange to occur. Tissues would become ischemic because of lack of adequate perfusion.

Which of the following is NOT a vasoconstrictor?

atrial natriuretic peptide

Which of the following hormones will lower blood pressure?

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Name the artery at C.

superior mesenteric artery

Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary?

venous

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that angiotensin II increases arterial blood pressure?

Angiotensin II promotes vasodilation that decreases total peripheral resistance.

The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________.

proteins in the blood

Which of the following changes would produce the greatest change in total peripheral resistance?

10% change in vessel diameter

Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary?

34 mm Hg

Which artery branches into the common hepatic artery, splenic artery, and left gastric artery?

A

Which of the following statements describes the significance of blood pressure changes as blood reaches the capillary beds?

Blood pressure drops as it reaches the capillary beds because high pressure would rupture them.

What vein is formed from the union of the anterior tibial vein and posterior tibial vein?

C

Which of the following would NOT be a cause of edema in your patient's lower extremities?

Excess protein in the diet

Name the vein at A.

Femoral vein

During exercise, cardiac output may increase by more than 170% to meet the body's increased O2 demands. This increase in cardiac output increases blood pressure. But the accompanying increase in arterial pressure is relatively small—only about 40%. What limits this increase in blood pressure so that it doesn't reach dangerously high levels during exercise?

Vasodilation causes arterial diameter to increase in the exercising skeletal muscle.

In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________.

blood pressure

Blood pressure would INCREASE as a result of a DECREASE in __________.

blood vessel diameter

The following activities and body conditions affect blood pressure by changing one of the two listed factors.

blood volume- blood donation; excessive sweating total peripheral resistance- high-altitude living, growth, smoking, increased sympathetic activity

From what artery does the right common carotid artery arise?

brachiocephalic trunk

Which of the following is not a capillary transport mechanism that allows for the exchange of nutrients and gases?

bulk flow

The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________.

capillary; interstitial fluid

Which of the following would be interrupted in the indirect renal mechanism if angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is blocked from performing its job?

conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II

The following physiological changes either increase or decrease blood pressure.

decreases blood pressure- increase blood vessel diameter increased blood pressure- Increase blood viscosity, Increase total peripheral resistance, Increase blood vessel length, Increase cardiac output, Increase blood volume

Which of the following would decrease total peripheral resistance to blood flow?

decreasing the hematocrit

You are part of a team responding to a cardiac arrest in the emergency department. The area near the patient's head is crowded by personnel and equipment. Which pulse might you palpate to help judge the efficacy of CPR?

femoral artery

Which of these responses is NOT a response consistent with a drop in mean arterial pressure?

filtration by kidneys

Toxic substances absorbed by the digestive system put stress on the liver because all of the blood from the digestive organs is drained by the __________.

hepatic portal vein

In local autoregulation of blood flow, usually low oxygen levels cause vasodilation. Which tissue shows the opposite pattern?

lungs

Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary?

net osmotic pressure

What pressure is responsible for reabsorption and for pulling fluids into the venous end of capillaries?

osmotic pressure in capillary (OPc)

Which of the following CANNOT diffuse across a capillary wall to or from the surrounding interstitial fluid?

proteins