Ch. 2-4 biology

transcription

The process by which DNA is copied to RNA

The bonding of calcium, phosphorus, and other elements produces mineral crystals that are found in bone. This is an example of a(n) __________ reaction. a. catabolic b. synthesis c. decomposition d. exchange

b. synthesis

Transcription and translation take place in the ________ and ________, respectively. a. nucleus; cytoplasm b. nucleolus; nucleus c. nucleolus; cytoplasm d. cytoplasm; nucleus

c. nucleolus; cytoplasm

Which of the following structures could be found within the nucleolus? a. chromatin b. histones c. ribosomes d. nucleosomes

c. ribosomes

A substance dissociates into K+ and Cl- in solution. The substance is a(n) ______________. a. acid b. base c. salt d. buffer

c. salt

Uracil ___________. a. contains nitrogen b. is a pyrimidine c. is founding RNA d. all of the above

d. all of the above

prophase

longest stage of mitosis

4.1 Which of the following lines the body cavities exposed to the external environment? mesothelium lamina propria mesenteries mucosa

mucosa

Ion pumps and phagocytosis are both examples of ________. a. endocytosis b. passive transport c. active transport d. facilitated diffusion

c. active transport

Place the following structures in order from least to most complex organization: chromatin, nucleosome, DNA, chromosome a. DNA, nucleosome, chromatin, chromosome b. nucleosome, DNA, chromosome, chromatin c. DNA, chromatin, nucleosome, chromosome d. nucleosome, chromatin, DNA, chromosome

a. DNA, nucleosome, chromatin, chromosome

C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for a ______________ a. polymer of carbohydrate b. pentose monosaccharides c. hexose monosaccharides d. all of the above

a. a polymer of carbohydrate

Which of the following statements about chemical bonds is true? a. covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds. b. hydrogen bonds occur between two atoms of hydrogen. c. bonding readily occurs between non polar and polar molecules. d. a molecule of water is unlikely to bond with an ion.

a. covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds

The energy stored in a foot of snow on a steep roof is ________. a. potential energy b. kinetic energy c. radiant energy d. activation energy

a. potential energy

Which of the following is most likely to be found evenly distributed in water in a homogenous solution? a. sodium ions and chloride ions b. NaCl molecules c. salt crystals d. red blood cells

a. sodium ions and chloride ions

Which of the following is part of the elongation step of DNA synthesis? a. pulling apart the two DNA strands b. attaching complementary nucleotides to the template strand c. untwisting the DNA helix d. none of the above

b. attaching complementary nucleotides to the template srtand

Because they are embedded within the membrane, ion channels are examples of ________. a. receptor proteins a. b. integral proteins c. peripheral proteins d. glycoproteins

b. integral proteins

A phospholipid ________________. a. has both polar and non polar regions b. is made up of a triglyceride bonded to a phosphate group c. is a building block of ATP d. can donate both cations and anions in solution

b. is made up of a triglyceride bonded to a phosphate group

On the periodic table of the elements, mercury (Hg) has an atomic number of 80 and a mass number of 200.59.It has seven stable isotopes. The most abundant these probably have _______. a. about 80 neutrons each b. fewer than 80 neutrons each c. more than 80 neutrons each d. more electrons than neutrons

c. more than 80 neutrons each

__________ reactions release energy. a. catabolic b. exergonic c. decomposition d. catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition

d. catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition

Together, just four elements make up more than 95 percent of the body's mass. These include ___________. a. calcium, magnesium, iron, and carbon b. oxygen, calcium, iron, and nitrogen c. sodium, chlorine, carbon, and hydrogen d. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

d. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Which of the following is not made out of RNA? a. the carriers that shuffle amino acids to a growing polypeptide strand b. the ribosome c. the messenger molecule that provides the code for protein synthesis d. the intron

d. the intron

4.3 In bone, the main cells are ________. fibroblasts chondrocytes lymphocytes osteocytes

osteocytes

4.2 Which of the following is the epithelial tissue that lines the interior of blood vessels? columnar pseudostratified simple squamous transitional

simple squamous

4.4 Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ________. skeletal muscle only cardiac muscle only smooth muscle only skeletal and cardiac muscles

skeletal muscle only

difference between lipid and protien

The difference is that lipids contain fatty acids and glycerol, while proteins contain amino acids, which have nitrogen

nitrogen defficency

Your body is constantly recycling nitrogen from amino acids. If amino acids are not used for protein synthesis, they can be broken into components, including nitrogen, to produce energy. Nitrogen can also be used to make other types of compounds that aren't proteins, such as the heme in hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in red blood cells.

When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes a. an ion b. an anion c. non polar d. all of the above

a. an ion

What organic compound do brain cells primarily rely on for fuel? a. glucose b. glycogen c. galactose d. glycerol

a. glucose

Which of the following combinations of atoms is most likely to result in a chemical reaction? a. hydrogen and hydrogen b. hydrogen and helium c. helium and helium d. neon and helium

a. hydrogen and hydrogen

Which of the following organelles produces large quantities of ATP when both glucose and oxygen are available to the cell? a. mitochondria b. peroxisomes c. lysosomes d. ER

a. mitochondria

Which of the following is a function of the rough ER? a. production of proteins b. detoxification of certain substances c. synthesis of steroid hormones d. regulation of intracellular calcium concentrations

a. production of proteins

The characteristic that gives an element its distinctive properties its number of _______________. a. protons b. neutrons c. electrons d. atoms

a. protons

4.3 Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat? tendon adipose tissue reticular tissue dense connective tissue

adipose tissue

4.5 Which of the following central nervous system cells regulate ions, regulate the uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of the blood-brain barrier? microglia neuroglia oligodendrocytes astrocytes

astrocytes

4.5 The nerve impulse travels down a(n) ________, away from the cell body. dendrite axon microglia collagen fiber

axon

24. Which of the following phases is characterized by preparation for DNA synthesis? a. G0 b. G1 c. G2 d. S phase

b. G1

Ty is three years old and as a result of a "stomach bug" has been vomiting for about 24 hours. His blood pH is 7.48. What does this mean? a. Ty's blood is slightly acidic. b. Ty's blood is slightly alkaline. c. Ty's blood is highly acidic d. Ty's blood is within the normal range

b. Ty's blood is slightly alkaline

The nucleus and mitochondria share which of the following features? a. protein-lined membrane pores b. a double cell membrane c. the synthesis of ribosomes d. the production of cellular energy

b. a double cell membrane

The smallest unit of an element that still retains the distinctive behavior that element is an ______________. a. electron b. atom c. elemental particle d. isotope

b. atom

The ability of an enzyme's active sites to bind only substrates of compatible shape and charge is known as ____________. a. selectivity b. specificity c. subjectivity d. specialty

b. specificity

What is a primary function of tumor suppressor genes? a. stop all cells from dividing b. stop certain cells from dividing c. help oncogenes produce oncoproteins d. allow the cell to skip certain phases of the cell cycle

b. stop certain cells from dividing

Nitrogen has an atomic number of seven. How many electron shells does it likely have? a. one b. two c. three d. four

b. two

How many "letters" of an RNA molecule, in sequence, does it take to provide the code for a single amino acid? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

c. 3

Which of the following is a molecule, but not a compound? a. H20 b. 2H c. H2 d. H+

c. H2

Which of the following is a functional group that is part of a building block of proteins? a. phosphate b. adenine c. amino d.ribose

c. amino

29. What multipotent stem cells from children sometimes banked by parents? a. fetal stem cells b. embryonic stem cells c. cells from the umbilical cord and from baby teeth d. hematopoietic stem cells from red and white blood cells

c. cells from the umbilical cord and from baby teeth

AB -> A + B is a general notation for a(n) ______ reaction. a. anabolic b. endergonic c. decomposition d. exchange

c. decomposition

Which type of stem cell gives rise to red and white blood cells? a. endothelial b. epithelial c. hematopoietic d. mesenchymal

c. hematopoietic

A molecule of ammonia contains one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. These are linked with _____________. a. ionic bonds b. nonpolar covalent bonds c. polar covalent bonds d. hydrogen bonds

c. polar covalent

Which of the following is a feature common to all three components of the cytoskeleton? a. They all serve to scaffold the organelles within the cell. b. They are all characterized by roughly the same diameter. c. They are all polymers of protein subunits. d. They all help the cell resist compression and tension.

c. they are all polymers of protein subunits

4.3 Connective tissue is made of which three essential components? cells, ground substance, and carbohydrate fibers cells, ground substance, and protein fibers collagen, ground substance, and protein fibers matrix, ground substance, and fluid

cells, ground substance, and protein fibers

A mutation in the gene for a cyclin protein might result in which of the following? a. a cell with additional genetic material than normal b. cancer c. a cell with less genetic material than normal d. any of the above

d. any of the above

In DNA, nucleotide bonding forms a compound with a characteristic shape known as a(n)____________. a. beta chain b. pleased sheet c. alpha helix d. double helix

d. double helix

The diffusion of substances within a solution tends to move those substances ________ their ________ gradient. a. up; electrical b. up; electrochemical c. down; pressure d. down; concentration

d. down; concentration

Arrange the following terms in order of increasing specialization: oligopotency, pleuripotency, unipotency, multipotency. a. multipotency, pleuripotency, oligopotency, unipotency b. pleuripotency, oligopotency, multipotency unipotency c. oligopotency, pleuripotency, unipotency, multipotency d. pleuripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, unipotency

d. pleuripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, unipotency

Chewing a bite of bread mixes it with saliva and facilitates its chemical breakdown. This is most likely due to the fact that ___________. a. the inside of the mouth maintains a very high temperature b. chewing stores potential energy c. chewing facilitates synthesis reactions d. saliva contains enzymes

d. saliva contains enzymes

Jenny mixes up a batch of pancake batter, then stirs in some chocolate chips. As she is waiting for the first few pancakes to cook, she notices the chocolate chips sinking to the bottom of the clear glass mixing bowl. The chocolate chip batter is an example of a ________. a. solvent b. solute c. solution d. suspension

d. suspension

Choose the term that best completes the following analogy: Cytoplasm is to cytosol as a swimming pool containing chlorine and flotation toys is to _____. a. the walls of the pool b. the chlorine c. the flotation toys d. the water

d. the water

4.3 Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain? areolar tissue adipose tissue dense regular connective tissue dense irregular connective tissue

dense regular connective tissue

4.1 The process by which a less specialized cell matures into a more specialized cell is called ________. differentiation maturation modification specialization

differentiation

4.1 Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from ________. endothelium, mesothelium, and epithelium ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and muscle tissue epidermis, mesoderm, and endothelium

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

4.1 Which of the following is not a type of tissue? muscle nervous embryonic epithelial

embryonic

4.6 Which of the following processes is not a cardinal sign of inflammation? redness heat fever swelling

fever

4.6 Individuals can slow the rate of aging by modifying all of these lifestyle aspects except for ________. diet exercise genetic factors stress

genetic factors

4.6 When a mast cell reacts to an irritation, which of the following chemicals does it release? collagen histamine hyaluronic acid meylin

histamine

4.2 The ________ exocrine gland stores its secretion until the glandular cell ruptures, whereas the ________ gland releases its apical region and reforms. holocrine; apocrine eccrine; endocrine apocrine; holocrine eccrine; apocrine

holocrine; apocrine

4.3 Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a transparent background. This is probably ________. loose connective tissue a tendon bone hyaline cartilage

hyaline cartilage

4.4 Skeletal muscle is composed of very hard working cells. Which organelles do you expect to find in abundance in skeletal muscle cell? nuclei striations golgi bodies mitochondria

mitochondria

4.4 The cells of muscles, myocytes, develop from ________. myoblasts endoderm fibrocytes chondrocytes

myoblasts

4.5 The cells responsible for the transmission of the nerve impulse are ________. neurons oligodendrocytes astrocytes microglia

neurons

A pentose sugar is part of the monomer used to build which type of macromolecule? a. polysaccharides b. nucleic acids c. phosphorylated glucose d. glycogen

b. nucleic acids

CH4 is methane. The compound is ___________. a. inorganic b. organic c. reactive d. a crystal

b. organic

Choose the answer that best completes the following analogy: Diffusion is to ________ as endocytosis is to ________. a. filtration; phagocytosis b. osmosis; pinocytosis c. solutes; fluid d. gradient; chemical energy

b. osmosis; pinocytosis

The rough ER has its name due to what associated structures? a. Golgi apparatus b. ribosomes c. lysosomes d. proteins

b. ribosomes

A substance formed of crystals of equal numbers of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds is called a(n) __________. a. noble gas b. salt c. electrolyte d. dipole

b. salt

Which of the following sequences on a DNA molecule would be complementary to GCTTATAT? a. TAGGCGCG b. ATCCGCGC c. CGAATATA d. TGCCTCTC

c. CGAATATA

4.6 Atrophy refers to ________. loss of elasticity loss of mass loss of rigidity loss of permeability

loss of mass

4.3 In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from the ________. mesoderm mesenchyme ectoderm endoderm

mesenchyme

4.2 Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface and is found in airways and lining of the oviduct? transitional stratified columnar pseudostratified ciliated columnar stratified squamous

stratified columnar

Translation

the process of protein synthesis by ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is not a difference between DNA and RNA? a. DNA contains thymine whereas RNA contains uracil b. DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose c. DNA contains alternating sugar-phosphate molecules whereas RNA does not contain sugars d. RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded

c. DNA contains alternating sugar-phosphate molecules whereas RNA does not contain sugars