Ch 20

Cardiac muscle cells are nourished via blood supply provided from the ____

coronary circuit This circuit begins with oxygenated blood that is shunted off the aorta, which feeds into the coronary arteries. This blood feeds the myocardium of the heart and drains back to the right atrium via the coronary sinus

A large vein that opens into the right atrium and bring venous blood from the heart tissue is the

coronary sinus

Ventricles are not

blood vessels.

The systemic circuit supplies blood to the

body and not the heart.

Blood from the coronary circuit is collected on the posterior aspect of the heart in a blood vessel known as the __

coronary sinus

The blood vessels in the cardiovascular system are subdivided into three circuits known as the

coronary, pulmonary, and systemic circuits

The cardiac skeleton is best described as

dense bands of tough elastic tissue that encircle the heart valves These bands stabilize the heart valves in their proper position as well as electrically insulate the atria from the ventricles.

Pulmonary circuit supplies

deoxygenated blood from the venous system to the lungs for reoxygenation by way of the right side of the heart

Congenital malformation is a

structural problem due to a genetic abnormality or other dysfunction that is present at birth

trabeculae carneae are

structures within the ventricles.

The left coronary artery supplies blood to

the anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex branch

Blood from the coronary sinus drains into

the coronary veins, which in turn drain into the vena cava

The vena cava then transports the drained blood into

the pulmonary circuit, where it is oxygenated in the lungs.

Arteries have

thick vessel walls.

Veins have

thick vessel walls.

endocardium is the

thin inner lining of the heart.

he coronary circuit supplies blood to the

tissue of the heart itself and originates as branches of the aorta.

The pulmonary circuit supplies blood

to the lungs, not the myocardium.

Which vessels have very thin walls and are often called exchange vessels because they allow for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes with surrounding tissues?

capillaries have only a tunica intima, so these vessels are ideally suited for nutrient, waste, and gas exchange across their walls.

The increased production of pericardial fluid leading to restriction of the movement of the heart is called ____

cardiac tamponade

Valvular heart disease can be a result of

congenital malformation, carditis, or rheumatic fever

Which blood vessels are known as exchange vessels?

Capillaries

Arteries

Carry blood away from heart

Which layer of the heart wall is the visceral pericardium?

Epicardium visceral pericardium. This outermost layer of the heart is composed of an exposed mesothelium and a loose layer of connective tissue.

Capillaries (exchange vessels)

Interconnect smallest arteries and smallest veins Exchange dissolved gases, nutrients, and wastes between blood and surrounding tissues

Which network of blood vessels carries blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces in the lungs?

Pulmonary circuit

Veins

Return blood to heart

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the superior and the inferior venae cavae?

Right atrium

Which of the following contains the trabeculae carneae?

Right ventricle

What is the function of the chordae tendineae?

To anchor the AV valve flaps and prevent backflow of blood into the atria

Which valve is found between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

Tricuspid

One cause of carditis is rheumatic fever

an autoimmune response that can be initiated by a bacterial infection.

The coronary arteries emerge at the base of the

aorta The coronary arteries, left and right, supply oxygenated blood to the tissue of the heart. The aorta carries the rest of the oxygenated blood ejected from the left ventricle to the rest of the organ systems.

The systemic circuit originates at the

aorta and supplies oxygenated blood to the organ systems of the body

The coronary, pulmonary, and systemic circuits

are not all connected to the cardiac muscle.

The left ventricle pumps blood into the __________.

ascending aorta

The right and left coronary arteries originate at the base of the __________.

ascending aorta

Carditis

is an inflammation of the heart tissue, which can result from a number of causes.

The left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary circuit and empties it into the __

left ventricle Coming from the pulmonary circuit, this blood has been reoxygenated. The left side of the heart acts as a separate pump, which transports this reoxygenated blood to the systemic circuit, which begins at the aorta. This oxygenated blood is then supplied to the rest of the organ systems to maintain their metabolic activity.

Which heart chamber has the thickest muscular walls?

left ventricle The left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta and the systemic circuit. blood pressure needs to be high enough to push blood through the peripheral tissues, this requires maximal force generation by the myocardium in the left ventricle.

coronary sinus is

less a vessel than a collection space for drained blood from the cardiac tissue

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the _

lungs This is a part of the pulmonary circuit, which brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs to replenish fresh oxygen into the blood. The pulmonary veins then take the reoxygenated blood to the left side of the heart for delivery into the systemic circuit.

myocardium is the

middle, muscular layer.

Blood flows from the left atrium through the __________ to the left ventricle.

mitral valve

When deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle through a semilunar valve, it is forced into the

pulmonary arteries

The "double pump" function of the heart includes the right side, which serves as the __________ circuit pump, and the left side, which serves as the __________ pump.

pulmonary; systemic The right side of the heart functions to push blood through the pulmonary circuit, which supplies venous, deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. After being reoxygenated, this blood is then transported to the left side of the heart, which serves to push blood through the systemic circuit. This circuit supplies blood to the rest of the organ systems of the body to maintain their metabolic activities.