Ch 20 section quiz

The mauryan empire

- 1st indian empire, descendants of the aryans - Ashoka, created a unified government, ruler - known for fine sculptures and sandstone carvings

The maurya and the gupta dynasties

- 2 main dynasties are maurya and gupta, they still affect culture today

Buddhism

- Buddhism, came from the same religious roots as Hinduism. It began in India - Spread to East and southeast Asia, where it is still strong today. - It is one of the major religions in the world.

Early history

- Many important skills were developed in ancient Southeast Asia, including making tools from bronze, growing rice and sailing. - Rice wad grown in Thailand and yams were grown in Indonesia, this is one of the examples of the earliest agriculture ever found.

Trade and travel

- Southeast Asia is in the center of the trading routes of the south pacific and the Indian ocean. -Goods traveled from and to China and India through this route. -southeast Asian trade goods included rice, tea, timber and spices. - Religious ideas, skills such as metalworking and farming spread in Southeast Asia.

Caste system

- a inherited social class - a person is born into a social class that determines there job, marriage partner and friends - based off of the aryan social system where they believed people are not equal - untouchables are the lowest caste

crossroads of cultures

- a place where people, goods, and ideas from many areas come together. - In ancient times, travelers from India, China and other countries came to southeast Asian shores and made a lasting impression on the region

Hinduism

- a religion in India built off the pactices of the Aryans - preists chanted hymns to worship gods - passed down orally then written down later - vedas, book of knowledge contained prayers, hymns, rituals and philosiphy

Four noble truths

- basic teachings of Buddhism - The first truth is that life is full of pain. The second truth is that suffering comes from the desire for possessions. The third truth is that if people stop desiring these possessions they will no longer suffer. The buddha taught that life is full of desire and pain. Then one can process to nirvana, a state of happiness and peace. The fourth truth is that people can escape suffering by following the middle way.

New technology- Aryan

- brought new technology to South Asia - discovered iron in Ganges river and Iron plows changed agricultural - built iron weapons which were stonger than the Harappan people - invented the horse - caused the Aryans to rule northern India

Reimcarnation

- central to hinduism - the idea of after death a persons soul is reborn in anothers body, they believe thic cycle happens many times - each persons staus depends on there actions in previous lives - after living a life with perfect morals they get sent to moksha, a state of happiness

Karma

- central to hinduism - the idea that a pearsons actions determine what will happen in there previous life

Siddhartha Guatama

- founder of Buddhism. - Grew up as a wealthy prince in the warrior caste. For the next six years he was a wondering monk. He practiced self- denial and ate very little. One day he stopped doing self- denial and sat under a tree and started to meditate. He had a religious awakening during this. He knew the reason for human suffering and how to escape it. His experience spread. People began to call him the Buddha or the enlightened one.

Eightfold path

- guidlines or steps that someone follows to help them reach nirvana - These 8 guidelines are As follows: right understanding, right purpose, right speech, right conduct, right means of livelihood, right effort, right awareness, and right mediation.

The Indus river civilization

- harappan civilization - flurished until 1700 BC - stretched towards India amd Afghanistan - 100 of towns exsited the two major ones were Harappan and Mohenjo- Daro - mohenjo- Daro, largest city with well built homes and public buildings

The Aryan influence on South Asia

- migrated from Russia through Hindu Kush in 1700 BC - brought new culture to northern India - sanskrit, Aryan language - nomads who measures wealth by the number of cattle people owned

The golden age and the gupta dynasty

- the gupta dynasty ruled during the golden age. - guptas rulers were hindu - artists were inspired by buddhism and hinduism so they created statues and paintings - literature blossomed - math made important new discoveries - developed numbers - the arabic numeral system

Influence of India in South east Asia

As the influence of India spread, new images and religious art became apart of Southeast Asia culture. Empires were founded on the beliefs if hinduism, Buddhism and later islam. The success of these empires often depended on the ongoing popularity of these beliefs.

Empire of the Khmer

In the sixth century AD, the Khmer people established a great Kingdom in present day Cambodia, the kingdom was hindu and influenced by indian culture. Angkor Wat, the Khmer built big hindu temples, including the hindu complex. As the Buddhism grew the hindu followers decreased causing the Khmer to have less power causing the fall of the empire.

The spread of buddhism

After Buddhas death his followers spread the new faith throughout southern India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, Tibet, central Asia, China, Korea and Japan. Buddhists organized schools and spiritual communities where minks and nuns could live and work.

Influence of India in travel and trade

Around 100 A.D, traders, Hindu priests and Buddhist monks began to bring Indian culture to southeast Asia including art, architecture and religion. These ideas were adopted in Southeast Asia.