Ch 21: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System
What structure(s) does Treponema use to bind to mucous membranes or skin? a. fimbriae b. capsule c. glycoprotein spike d. hooked tip e. slime layer
d. hooked tip
An infection of which of the following is called pyelonephritis? a. urethra b. bladder c. vagina d. kidneys
d. kidneys
__________ diseases are those sexually transmitted infections in which the infectious agent causes an increase in fluid excreted from male and female reproductive tracts.
discharge
Treponema pallidum is which type of microorganism? a. protozoan b. fungus c. helminth d. virus e. bacterium
e. bacterium
The ________ system is for the creation of offspring.
genital
HPV stands for ________ ____________.
human papillomavirus
_________ __________ disease is the inflammation of the upper reproductive tract structures.
pelvic inflammatory
____________ is an inflammation of the prostate gland.
prostatitis
The __________ stage of syphilis infection is characterized by systemic signs and symptoms, such as rashes, hair loss, fever, and sore throat, that are eventually resolved.
secondary
Syphilis is commonly transmitted through _______ contact or vertical transmission to the fetus in utero.
sexual
STDs are now termed STIs which stands for this _________ _________ ________.
sexually transmitted infection
Hutchinson's teeth are formed as a result of congenital ___________.
syphilis
____________ is a sexually transmitted bacterial disease caused by Treponema pallidum that results in genital ulcers.
syphilis
The chance of HIV infection is greatly increased with the open lesions seen in genital _________ disease.
ulcer
In the male, the normal biota of both the _________ tract and the __________ tract are the same.
urinary; genital
Approximately ___% of males infected with N. gonorrhoeae are asymptomatic and ___% of women with gonorrhea are asymptomatic. Gonorrhea can be spread by those individuals.
10%; 50%
The rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test, performed to diagnose syphilis, tests for which of the following? a. antigens that appear in an infected host b. nucleic acids specific for Treponema c. surface antigens that derive from Treponema
A
Choose all of the correct statements regarding the normal biota of the female genital tract. Select all that apply. a. the ovaries and fallopian tubes have a small group of resident microbes. b. after puberty, glycogen is released in the vagina, resulting in a lowering of vaginal pH. c. the vagina harbors a biota that is similar to what is found in the rectum. d. the vagina pH of an elderly woman is acidic, a change from the neutral pH of her childbearing years.
A and B
Which of the following statements regarding the normal biota of the female genital tract are correct? Select all that apply. a. before puberty and after menopause, the vagina harbors a biota that is similar to what is found in the urethra. b. after puberty, glycogen is released in the vagina, resulting in a change in mucus texture c. the ovaries and fallopian tubes are sterile d. the vaginal pH of an elderly woman is close to neutral
A and D
Gonorrhea infections are usually transmitted in which ways? Select all that apply. a. sexual contact b. fomite contact c. vehicle transmission d. aerosols e. maternal-neonate transmission
A and E
Which of the following represent stages of untreated syphilis infection in an adult? Select all that apply. a. primary b. secondary c. congenital d. teritary e. virulent
A, B and D
Neurosyphilis can involve any part of the nervous system, but it shows particular affinity for which of the following? Select all that apply. a. blood vessels in the brain b. cranial nerves c. the auditory nerve d. facial neuromuscular junctions e. dorsal roots of the spinal cord
A, B and E
Ten to forty percent of women in the US are colonized asymptomatically by a group ________ Streptococcus in their reproductive tract.
B
Which type of streptococcal colonization is an important consideration in late term pregnancy? a. streptococcus pneumoniae b. group A streptococcus c. group B streptococcus
c. group B Streptococcus
Prostatitis occurs in which of the following? a. both sexes b. women c. men
c. men
True or false: The microbial composition of the urinary tract is largely the same in men and women.
False
Gonorrhea infections can be prevented by which of the following means? a. prophylactic antibiotics b. avoidance of vector c. safe sex practices d. vaccination
c. safe sex practices
Which of the following best describes the current status of syphilis infection worldwide? a. The frequency of the disease remains very low with antibiotic treatment. b. The frequency is increasing worldwide, especially in Africa and Asia. c. The frequency is very high, as antibiotic treatments are ineffective.
B
Which of the following are the common signs/symptoms of gonorrhea in females? Select all that apply. a. thinning of mucus b. painful urination c. bloody discharge d. septicemia e. prostatitis
B and C
Which of the following enzymes are useful for identifying Neisseria gonorrhoeae? Select all that apply. a. penicillinase b. cytochrome oxidase c. catalase d. lysozyme e. cardiolipin
B and C
Which of the following STIs result in wart-like growths? Select all that apply. a. congenital syphilis b. HPV infection c. HSV infection d. gonorrhea e. molluscum contagiosum
B and E
Which of the following are considered discharge diseases? Select all that apply. a. syphlilis b. chlamydia c. genital herpes d. HPV infection e. gonorrhea
B and E
Which of the following are considered genital ulcer diseases? Select all that apply. a. chlamydia b. genital herpes c. syphilis d. gonorrhea e. HPV infection f. chancroid g. HIV infection
B, C and F
Consequences of neurosyphilis include which of the following? Select all that apply. a. tooth loss b. dementia c. convulsions d. high fever e. jaundice f. severe headaches g. blindness
B, C, F and G
What is a sexually transmitted infection? a. a disease transmitted by saliva b. a disease transmitted between mother and child. c. a disease transmitted through intimate physical contact d. a disease transmitted between members of the same sex only
C
Which of the following are the possible signs/symptoms of vaginitis? Select all that apply. a. sudden high fever b. vaginal dryness c. burning sensation d. vaginal itching e. vaginal discharge
C, D and E
An inflammation of the vagina most commonly caused by Candida, referred to as _______, is characterized by some degree of vaginal itching; ________, however, does not appear to induce vaginal inflammation and is most likely due to a reduction in Lactobacillus species. a. vaginitis; trichomoniasis b. trichomoniasis; vaginosis c. vaginosis; vaginitis d. vaginitis; vaginosis
D
In the early phase of leptospirosis, _____. a. there are no symptoms, and patients are often unaware that they are sick b. the blood infection is cleared by the body's natural defenses c. the pathogen remains confined to the bladder, causing cystitis d. the pathogen appears in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid
D
What are discharge diseases? a. those that always result in sterility b. those that cause an increase in the probability of HIV c. those that cause the formation of lesions on the external genitalia d. those that cause an increase in excreted fluid from the reproductive tracts
D
True or false: A vaccine currently exists for gonorrhea.
False
True or false: Similar to males, gonorrhea infection is limited to the most external structure of the reproductive tract in females.
False
The normal biota of the urinary tract is the same as the normal biota of the reproductive tract in which sex? Male or Female.
Males
True or false: Persons with syphilis often have an additional infection with another STI.
True
True or false: The disease syphilis may have latent periods which vary in length.
True
Which of the following describes the initial infection with genital herpes? a. it is extremely variable b. it requires hospitalization c. it always presents with lesions d. it always leads to meningitis
a. It is extremely variable.
How are discharge diseases transmitted? a. bodily fluid contact with mucosa b. contaminated water/food supplies c. oral-fecal route d. saliva from bite of biological vector
a. bodily fluid contact with mucosa
The primary lesion seen in syphilis infections is called which of the following? a. chancre b. wart c. abscess d. eschar
a. chancre
The vesicles seen in initial genital herpes infections are filled with which of the following? a. clear fluid b. blood c. pus d. lymphatic fluid
a. clear fluid
What maternal disease can lead to serious eye infections in the neonate if infected during passage through the birth canal? a. gonorrhea b. HPV c. syphilis d. candida albicans
a. gonorrhea
Which group is at greatest risk for group B Streptococcus infection? a. Neonates b. 21-year-old males c. Older adults (age 65 years and older) d. Pregnant women e. 21-year-old females
a. neonates
Inflammation of a male reproductive gland known as _______ is accompanied by pain in the pelvic area and lower back, difficulty urinating, and painful ejaculation. a. prostatitis b. chancroid c. molluscum contagiosum d. trichomoniasis
a. prostatitis
Which term is used to describe inflammation of the fallopian tubes? a. salpingitis b. Weil's syndrome c. menstruation d. UTI
a. salpingitis
The rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test is performed to diagnose which of the following? a. syphilis b. vaginosis c. chlamydia infection d. gonorrhea
a. syphilis
Secondary syphilis is characterized by which of the following? Select all that apply. a. systemic rashes b. appearance of a chancre c. hair loss d. severe neurological disturbances
a. systemic rashes c. hair loss
Females will exhibit signs and symptoms of gonorrhea in which of the following systems? Select all that apply. a. urinary b. reproductive c. respiratory d. digestive
a. urinary b. reproductive
Choose all of the correct statements regarding the normal biota of the female genital tract. Select all that apply. a. The vaginal pH of an elderly woman is acidic, a change from the neutral pH of her childbearing years. b. The ovaries and fallopian tubes have a small group of resident microbes. c. After puberty, glycogen is released in the vagina, resulting in a lowering of vaginal pH. d. The vagina harbors a biota that is similar to what is found in the rectum.
b. The ovaries and fallopian tubes have a small group of resident microbes. c. After puberty, glycogen is released in the vagina, resulting in a lowering of vaginal pH.
What universal prevention is used to prevent newborns from gonorrhea complications? a. vaccination immediately after birth b. antibiotic ointment applied to eyes c. scheduled C-section birth d. extensive suctioning of lungs
b. antibiotic ointment applied to eyes
During the primary stage of syphilis, what is the main sign/symptom? a. full-body brownish rash b. appearance of chancre c. hair loss d. neurological disturbances
b. appearance of chancre
All of the following pertain to genital warts except ________. a. often occur on the penis, vagina, and cervix b. are not common in the United States c. are sexually transmitted d. certain strains strongly predispose a person to cancer of the cervix or penis e. includes large cauliflower-like masses called condylomata acuminata
b. are not common in the US
Neisseria gonorrhoeae grows best in an atmosphere containing increased levels of which of the following gases? a. hydrogen sulfide b. carbon dioxide c. oxygen d. nitrogen
b. carbon dioxide
Which body system involves the vertical passage of genes from parents to offspring? a. endocrine b. reproductive c. integumentary d. urinary
b. reproductive
The _____ urinary tract has fewer types of microbes and lower abundance of microbes than the _____ urinary tract. a. lower;upper b. upper;lower
b. upper;lower
Urethritis is an infection of which of the following? a. kidneys b. urethra c. umbilical cord d. ureters
b. urethra
What infection results in inflammation of the vagina and presents with some degree of vaginal itching? a. syphilis b. vaginitis c. gonorrhea d. vaginosis
b. vaginitis
What is the approximate risk of catching syphilis from an infected sexual partner? a. 40-60% b. 2-10% c. 12-30% d. greater than 60%
c. 12-30%
The most common causative agent of urinary tract infections is ________. a. Staphylococcus aureus b. Escherichia coli O157:H7 c. Escherichia coli d. Streptococcus pyogenes e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
c. Escherichia coli
All of the following pertain to gonorrhea except ________. a. symptoms include painful urination and discharge b. pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), epididymitis, and infertility are complications c. a chancre-type lesion develops at the portal of entry d. is a sexually transmitted disease e. females can have asymptomatic infection
c. a chancre-type lesion develops at the portal of entry
Colonization of pregnant females by Group B Streptococcus puts the neonate at risk because ________. a. permanent damage such as hearing or vision loss can result following recovery from an acute condition after delivery b. colonization during pregnancy can result in preterm labor c. All of the choices are correct. d. the organism produces hemolysins that can break down red blood cells e. the neonate can develop meningitis or pneumonia through exposure to the organism in the birth canal
c. all are correct
Which of the following is a major virulence factor of the syphilis spirochete? a. ability to persist in dendritic cells b. antiphagocytic capsules c. easily penetrates bloodstream d. peritrichous flagella arrangement
c. easily penetrates bloodstream
An occasional serious complication of herpes simplex 1 is ________. a. kidney failure b. paralysis c. encephalitis d. myocarditis e. shingles
c. encephalitis
Candida albicans is a ________. a. protozoa b. helminth c. fungus d. bacteria e. None of the choices are correct.
c. fungus
In the second phase of leptospirosis, _________. a. there are no symptoms, and patients are often unaware that they are sick b. the pathogen appears in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid c. the blood infection is cleared by the body's natural defenses d. the pathogen remains confined to the bladder, causing cystitis
c. the blood infection is cleared by the body's natural defenses
__________ syphilis is an infection of the fetus or newborn acquired from maternal infection in utero.
congenital
A person may notice no symptoms or vesicles may appear on the genitalia, perineum, thigh, or buttocks, after an infection with which of the following microorganisms? a. Haemophilus duceryl b. Treponema pallidum c. group B Streptococcus d. Herpes simplex virus
d. Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2) causes ________. a. genital lesions b. infection in neonates that have contact with lesions in the birth canal c. intensely sensitive vesicles on or near the genitals d. All of the choices are correct. e. symptoms that include urethritis, cervicitis, and itching
d. all are correct
____________ is a condition of the vagina, characterized by a discharge but no inflammation.
vaginosis
