Ch. 21

The system devised under the Tokugawa bakufu ("_______", referring to the shogun's official status as the emperor's mobile deputy) was called sankin kotai, the "rule of alternate attendance".

"Tent government"

Jesuit missionaries were at times welcomed into China and Japan, but were ultimately rejected as "subversive" elements by the ____ and the Tokugawa.

Qing

According to the infamous "_______ edict" in 1645, all males, regardless of ethnicity, were required on pain of death to adopt the Manchu hairstyle of a shaved forehead and long pigtail in the back.

Queue

Which of the following is the correct chronological order?

1. Founding of the Ming Dynasty 2. Founding the Tokugawa Shogunate 3. Shimabara Rebellion 4. founding of the Qing Dynasty

Which of the following is the proper chronological order?

1. Zheng He's nautical explorations 2. Matteo Ricci reaches China 3. reign of the Kangxi Emperor 4. reign of the Qianlong emperor.

In Japan, the Gekokujo ("those below toppling those above") period of civil war erupted in 1467 and continued, on and off, until the ________.

1570s

Some signs of economic stress were already present toward the end of Qianlong's reign, and chief among these was the problem of:

Absentee landlordism.

The position of the military aristocracy in Japan was:

Absolute and unquestioned, in all matters of life and death.

Dorgon crossed the Great Wall into China in 1642:

At the invitation of a Chinese general.

All of the following are true of the single-whip system EXCEPT:

Each village was responsible directly to the Emperor or his Court designee, thus eliminating potentially dangerous rural aristocracies from developing

The Manchu state was divided into eight major military and ethnic divisions, each represented by a distinctive ____________, and companies were formed of 300 fighters recruited from families represented by these means.

Banner

The _________ East India Company, having established its base at Calcutta in 1690, soon sought to expand its operations to China.

British

The eighteenth century proved to be a boon time for all involved in the ____________ trade, and the British in particular increasingly viewed it as a valuable part of their growing commercial power.

Canton

The "queue edict" mandated that:

Chinese men had to adopt the Manchu style of a shaved forehead with a long braid in back.

A wholescale massacre of Japanese _________ followed in the wake of a rebellion against the government in 1637-38.

Christians

Qing philosophers based themselves at the Donglin Academy, founded in 1604, and devoted themselves to reconstituting an activist ________ based on rigorous self-cultivation and advising court officials.

Confucianism

Based on the "Patterns of Evidence" documents for this chapter, which of the following general conclusions is most reasonable and accurate?

During the Early Modern Era, China and Japan generally were able to control and limit the terms of their trade and interaction with Europeans.

"_______ learning" was especially prized in the Tokugawa period, with their representatives retaining yearly access to the shogunate and exerting influence on prominent Japanese intellectual.

Dutch

In 1549 the Franciscan missionary ___________ landed in Japan.

Francis Xavier

The Revolt of the Three Feudatories was crushed by:

Kangxi

The huge commitment of Chinese troops against the forces of the Japanese leader Hideyoshi during his attempted invasion of ________ and China from 1592 to 1598 weakened the Ming dynasty and led to the rise of the Manchus.

Korea

By 1557, the Portuguese had wrested the first European colony from the Chinese at _________, and they held it until 1999.

Macau

______ became a vital axis of world trade, with Chinese merchants exchanging spices and luxury goods such as porcelain there for Spanish silver from the Americas.

Manila

By one estimate, in 1450 ________ of the Ming frontier military units had cannon, most of which were produced in arsenals like Junqiju.

One-half

With the traditional threats from the borders now quashed, the reign of the __________ emperor, from 1736 to 1795, marked both the high point and the beginning of the decline of the Qing dynasty—and of imperial China itself.

Qianlong

In regard to military might and technology, the Ming have been characterized in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

Reliant on diplomacy and negotiations in the best Confucian tradition.

Chikamatsu Monzaemon's most famous play is based on a real incident, in which the daimyo of 47 samurai was killed by a political opponent, leaving them as _________—masterless.

Ronin

One of the richest glimpses into local Chinese society comes from Pu Songling's __________ Tales from a Chinese Studio.

Strange

The "Patterns of Evidence" documents for this chapter include a treaty for the surrender of a European outpost on which island?

Taiwan, also known as Formosa

The earliest Christian missionaries encountered by the Ming dynasty were:

The Franciscans and Dominicans

The high point of the Qing dynasty was during the rule of

The Qianlong emperor

The conclusion that porcelain was the single most important commodity in the unfolding world commercial revolution between 1500 and 1800 is supported by all of the following except:

The depiction of Muhammad's face on many of them, in spite of Islamic prohibitions.

In the context of European trade with Asia, a "factory" is:

The place where merchants, local agents, and other interested parties gathered to conduct business.

The _______ shoguns adopted Neo-Confucianism as the governing ideology, thus joining the commonwealth of Confucian "religious civilizations" in the region.

Tokugawa

The Tokugawa attempt to conquer China in the late sixteenth century was led by:

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Jesuit priests like Matteo Ricci and Ferdinand Verbiest:

Used their expertise in the New Sciences to advise the imperial court.

The Popes found Jesuit practices in China like ___________ problematic.

Using tea and rice for the Eucharist instead of bread and wine

The items representing the artistic and aesthetic tastes of the court and the samurai were:

Widely available to anyone who had the money and interest to afford them.