Ch 22 ex4

Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by A) innate immunity. B) adaptive immunity. C) immunological surveillance. D) skin defenses. E) fever.

B) adaptive immunity.

Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation, except A) redness of the inflamed tissue. B) chemotaxis of phagocytes. C) heat of the inflamed tissue. D) movement of defense proteins and cells into the interstitial space. E) swelling of the inflamed tissue.

B) chemotaxis of phagocytes.

Dividing lymphocytes can be found in the ________ of the lymphatic nodule. A) sinus B) germinal center C) cortex D) capsule E) stromba

B) germinal center

When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein, it can activate a ________ cell. A) plasma B) helper T C) NK D) suppressor T E) cytotoxic T

B) helper T

Class II MHC proteins are present in the plasma membrane only A) when plasma cells are releasing antibodies. B) in antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. C) when cytotoxic T cells are inhibited. D) when NK cells are activated. E) during infections.

B) in antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes.

Various types of macrophages are derived from A) lymphocytes. B) monocytes. C) neutrophils. D) eosinophils. E) basophils.

B) monocytes.

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass through the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity. A) active B) naturally acquired passive C) passive D) auto E) innate

B) naturally acquired passive

The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are ________ cells. A) NK B) plasma C) helper T D) thymus E) liver

B) plasma

Helper T cells do all of the following, except A) trigger B-cell division, plasma cell maturation, and antibody production. B) provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen. C) enhance production of memory and cytotoxic T cells. D) attract macrophages to the affected area. E) enhance nonspecific defenses.

B) provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen.

The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following, except A) lymphatic vessels. B) the venae cavae. C) the spleen. D) lymph nodes. E) lymph.

B) the venae cavae.

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the A) right lymphatic duct. B) thoracic duct. C) cisterna chyli. D) hepatic portal vein. E) dural sinus.

B) thoracic duct.

T is to ________ as B is to ________. A) top; bottom B) thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived C) thyroid; bowel D) non-thymus-dependent; bottom E) trabeculae; bursa

B) thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived

The lymphatic system does all of the following, except that it A) helps maintain normal blood volume. B) transports gases to and away from lymph nodes. C) eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid. D) transports lipids from the digestive tract. E) fights infection.

B) transports gases to and away from lymph nodes.

________ are clusters of lymphatic nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine. A) Tonsils B) Adenoids C) Peyer patches D) Immune complexes E) Lymph glands

C) Peyer patches

If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of A) B lymphocytes. B) NK cells. C) T cells. D) neutrophils. E) red blood cells.

C) T cells.

The primary function of the lymphatic system is A) circulation of nutrients. B) the transport of hormones. C) defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats. D) the production and distribution of plasma proteins. E) circulation of dissolved gases.

C) defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats.

Cells that help regulate the immune response are ________ cells. A) B B) plasma C) helper T D) cytotoxic T E) NK

C) helper T

An inflammatory response is triggered when A) red blood cells release pyrogens. B) T cells release interferon. C) mast cells release histamine and heparin. D) neutrophils phagocytize bacteria. E) blood flow to an area increases.

C) mast cells release histamine and heparin.

In an experimental situation, a rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen to which it makes antibodies. These antibodies are then purified and injected into a human with the same viral disease. This is an example of A) innate immunity. B) active immunization. C) passive immunization. D) natural immunity. E) alloimmunity.

C) passive immunization.

Characteristics of adaptive defenses include A) versatility. B) tolerance. C) memory. D) specificity. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include A) sebaceous glands. B) mucus. C) epithelia. D) epidermal layers. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Innate defenses include A) phagocytic cells. B) physical barriers. C) inflammation. D) interferons. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

The body's innate defenses include all of the following, except A) the skin. B) complement. C) interferon. D) inflammation. E) antibodies.

E) antibodies.

The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells. A) NK B) plasma C) B D) helper T E) suppressor T

A) NK

________ are large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx. A) Tonsils B) Peyer patches C) Lymph nodes D) Immune complexes E) Spleens

A) Tonsils

All of the following are true of the thymus gland, except that it A) activates B cells. B) reaches its greatest relative size during the second year of life. C) involutes after puberty. D) produces T cells. E) lies in the anterior mediastinum.

A) activates B cells.

Stem cells that will form B cells or NK cells are found only in the A) bone marrow. B) liver. C) spleen. D) thymus. E) kidneys.

A) bone marrow.

Stress can affect the immune response in all of the following ways, except by A) inhibiting glucocorticoid release. B) depressing the inflammatory response. C) reducing the number of phagocytes. D) inhibiting interleukin secretion. E) increasing the level of glucocorticoids.

A) inhibiting glucocorticoid release.

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity. A) naturally acquired active B) natural passive C) passive D) auto E) innate

A) naturally acquired active

In general, lymphocytes A) spend most of their time in lymphatic tissue. B) have relatively short life spans. C) have two nuclei. D) are produced and mature only in red bone marrow. E) spend most of their time circulating in the blood.

A) spend most of their time in lymphatic tissue.

Leslie has a bad sore throat and the lymph nodes in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that A) the focus of the infection is the lymph nodes. B) lymph is not flowing through these lymph nodes. C) the affected lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes. D) the lymph node is actively producing phagocytes. E) the lymph node has increased its secretion of thymosin.

C) the affected lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes.

Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following, except that they A) have no basement membrane. B) are larger in diameter. C) have walls of endothelial cells that overlap like shingles. D) are smaller in diameter. E) are frequently irregular in shape.

D) are smaller in diameter.

Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells. A) B B) plasma C) helper T D) cytotoxic T E) suppressor T

D) cytotoxic T

When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a ________ cell. A) B B) plasma C) helper T D) cytotoxic T E) NK

D) cytotoxic T

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects ________ cells. A) B B) plasma C) cytotoxic T D) helper T E) suppressor T

D) helper T

Suppressor T cells act to A) suppress antigens. B) erase memory T cells. C) limit antigen proliferation. D) inhibit T and B cell activities. E) produce antibodies involved in autoimmunity.

D) inhibit T and B cell activities.

Class II MHC molecules are found only on which of the following? A) all body cells with a nucleus B) red blood cells C) granulocytes and microphages D) lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells E) liver cells and macrophages in the spleen

D) lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells

The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the A) T cells. B) B cells. C) NK cells. D) phagocytes. E) plasma cells.

D) phagocytes.

Cytotoxic T cells can attack target cells with which of these chemical weapons? A) secrete strong acid B) secrete organic solvent C) secrete free radicals D) secrete a cytokine that triggers apoptosis E) secrete mutant proteins

D) secrete a cytokine that triggers apoptosis

Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection, except A) body hair. B) epithelium. C) secretions. D)complement. E) basement membranes.

D)complement.

Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ________ immunity. A) active B) natural passive C) passive D) auto E) innate

E) innate

Lymph nodes do all of the following, except that they A) produce antibodies. B) monitor the contents of lymph. C) remove debris and pathogens from the lymph. D) accumulate cancer cells. E) remove excess nutrients from the lymph.

E) remove excess nutrients from the lymph.

Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following, except A) the thymus. B) lymphatic nodules. C) lymph node organs. D) the spleen. E) the brain.

E) the brain.