Ch 24

Assume we could alter the conditions in the duodenum. Which of the following would be consistent with inserting a large volume of highly acidic chyme which contained a large amount of fat? (1) Decreased gastric acid secretion (2) Increased bile production (3) Increased pancreatic bicarbonate production and pancreatic enzyme secretion (4) Increased secretin and cholecystokinin

1, 2, 3, 4

Arrange the following structures in order from the small intestine to the rectum. (1) Ascending colon (2) Descending colon (3) Sigmoid colon (4) Transverse colon

1, 4, 2, 3

Arrange the following events involving lipids in the correct order. (1) Absorption of lipids (2) Emulsification (3) Micelle formation (4) Digestion of lipids

2, 4, 3, 1

Arrange the ducts in the order that bile would pass through them when moving from the bile canaliculi to the small intestine without being stored in the gallbladder. (1) Common bile duct (2) Common hepatic duct (3) Cystic duct (4) Left and right hepatic ducts

4, 2, 1

Which of the following occurs in the large intestine? a) Mass movements b) Mastication c) Mixing waves d) Neutralization e) Chemical digestion

a) Mass movements

Which of the following events occurs because of the low pH of the stomach? a) Proper environment for functioning of pepsin b) Lipid digestion c) Protein synthesis d) Activation of salivary amylase e) Enhanced carbohydrate digestion

a) Proper environment for functioning of pepsin

The distention of the stomach by food is the primary stimulus to begin the __________ phase of gastric secretion. a) gastric b) cephalic c) cystic d) intestinal e) hepatic

a) gastric

The digestive juice that contains enzymes capable of digesting all major food groups is __________. a) pancreatic juice b) gastric juice c) salivary juice d) biliary juice e) hepatic juice

a) pancreatic juice

Which of the following does NOT illustrate digestion? a) Polysaccharides → disaccharides b) CO2 and H2O → carbohydrates c) Fat → fatty acids and glycerol d) Disaccharides → monosaccharides e) Protein → amino acids

b) CO2 and H2O → carbohydrates

Which of the following regions of the stomach is correctly matched with its description? a) Fundus - opening from the stomach into the duodenum b) Pylorus - the most inferior portion of the stomach c) Pyloric opening - opening from the esophagus d) Body - portion closest to the esophagus e) Cardiac region - the largest portion of the stomach

b) Pylorus - the most inferior portion of the stomach

The gallbladder contracts in response to the hormone __________. a) secretin b) cholecystokinin (CCK) c) insulin d) somatostatin e) gastrin

b) cholecystokinin (CCK)

The enteric plexus a) is a valve in the GI tract. b) controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract. c) is found in the mucosa. d) consists of the myenteric plexus and the celiac plexus. e) contains sympathetic neurons and fibers.

b) controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract.

The liver a) can not synthesize new molecules. b) produces secretions that help neutralize stomach acids and emulsify fats. c) produces several digestive enzymes. d) stores vitamin C. e) receives oxygenated blood from the portal vein.

b) produces secretions that help neutralize stomach acids and emulsify fats

When chyme enters the duodenum, __________ is released and stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonates. a) gastrin b) secretin c) glucagon d) cholecystokinin e) insulin

b) secretin

Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the __________, and fatty acids are absorbed in the __________. a) small intestine; liver b) small intestine; small intestine c) stomach; large intestine d) small intestine; large intestine e) stomach; small intestine

b) small intestine; small intestine

The role of acetylcholine in the digestive tract is to __________, while the role of norepinephrine is to __________. a) inhibit; stimulate b) stimulate; inhibit c) inhibit; inhibit d) stimulate; stimulate

b) stimulate; inhibit

Which of the following is the correct order for the phases of deglutition? a) Esophageal, pharyngeal, voluntary b) Voluntary, esophageal, pharyngeal c) Voluntary, pharyngeal, esophageal d) Pharyngeal, voluntary, esophageal

c) Voluntary, pharyngeal, esophageal

Intrinsic factor a) stimulates the synthesis of DNA. b) causes the release of stomach acid. c) facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12. d) protects the stomach lining from the effects of stomach acid. e) increases gastric motility.

c) facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12.

In order to remove a tumor in the muscular tunic of the stomach, a surgeon must cut through the __________. a) mucosa b) lamina propria c) serosa d) submucosa

c) serosa

Cholecystokinin is produced by endocrine cells of the __________. a) large intestine b) pancreas c) small intestine d) stomach e) liver

c) small intestine

What prevents the bolus from entering the larynx during deglutition? a) Upper esophageal sphincter b) Tongue c) Uvula d) Epiglottis

d) Epiglottis

Which of the following components of saliva is mismatched with its function? a) Bicarbonate - neutralizes acid b) IgA - prevents infection c) Salivary amylase - begins protein digestion d) Lysozyme - antibacterial properties e) Mucin - lubricant

d) Lysozyme - antibacterial properties

The salivary glands located just anterior to the ear are the __________ glands. a) buccal b) submandibular c) sublingual d) parotid e) labial

d) parotid

Food is prevented from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing by the __________. a) palatine tonsils b) epiglottis c) tongue d) soft palate e) hard palate

d) soft palate

What is the function of enteric sensory neurons? a) Stimulate or inhibit glandular secretion in the digestive tract b) Detect stretch of the digestive tract wall c) Stimulate or inhibit smooth muscle contraction in the digestive tract d) Detect changes in chemical composition of digestive tract contents e) Both "Detect changes in chemical composition of digestive tract contents" and "Detect stretch of the digestive tract wall" are correct.

e) Both "Detect changes in chemical composition of digestive tract contents" and "Detect stretch of the digestive tract wall" are correct.

Which of the following cell types of the stomach is correctly matched with its function? a) Chief cells - produce mucus b) Chief cells - produce hormones c) Endocrine cells - produce enzymes d) Mucous cells - produce intrinsic factor e) Parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid

e) Parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid

Bile would flow directly from the a) cystic duct into the hepatic ducts. b) gallbladder into the hepatic duct. c) common bile duct into the gallbladder. d) bile canaliculus into the cystic duct. e) hepatic ducts into the common hepatic duct.

e) hepatic ducts into the common hepatic duct.

Nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract comes to the liver by way of the __________. a) celiac trunk b) hepatic artery c) inferior vena cava d) hepatic vein e) hepatic portal vein

e) hepatic portal vein

The enterogastric reflex serves to __________. a) relax the ileocecal valve when chyme is on its way to the colon b) stimulate intestinal motility when there is food in the stomach c) relax the stomach in preparation for swallowed food d) stimulate acid and enzyme secretion when food enters the stomach e) inhibit gastric motility when there is chyme in the small intestine

e) inhibit gastric motility when there is chyme in the small intestine

Secretions that are added as food moves through the GI tract assist in a) insulin production. b) vitamin A and D production and storage. c) bile production. d) distribution of nutrients throughout the body. e) liquefying and digesting the food.

e) liquefying and digesting the food.