Ch. 24 Self Quiz
The release of feces from the large intestine is dependent on 1. stretching of the rectal walls 2. voluntary relaxation of the external anal sphincter 3. involuntary contraction of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles 4. activity of the intestinal bacteria 5. sympathetic stimulation of the internal sphincter
1 and 2
Which of the following are true concerning the peritoneum? 1. The kidneys and pancreas are retroperitoneal. 2. The greater omentum is the largest of the peritoneal folds. 3. The lesser omentum by the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall. 4. The falciform ligament attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm. 5. The mesentery is associated with the jejunum and ilium.
1, 2, 4, 5
Which of the following statements regarding the regulation of gastric secretion in motility are true? 1. The sight, smell, taste or thought of food can initiate the cephalic phase of gastric activity 2. The gastric phase begins when food enters the small intestine 3. Once activated, stretch receptors and chemoreceptors in the stomach trigger the flow of gastric juices and peristalsis. 4. The intestinal phase reflexes inhibit gastric activity. 5. The enterogastric reflexes stimulates gastric emptying.
1, 3, 4
Which of the following are functions of the liver? 1. carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism 2. nucleic acid metabolism 3. excretion of bilirubin 4. synthesis of bile salts 5. activation of vitamin D
1, 3, 4, 5
Which of the following are true? 1. Segmentation in the small intestine help propel chyme through the intestinal tract. 2. The migrating motility complex is a type of peristalsis in the small intestine. 3. The large surface area for absorption in the small intestine is due to the presence of circular folds, villi, and microvilli. 4. The mucous-producing cells of the small intestine are paneth cells. 5. Most long-chain fatty acid in monoglyceride absorption in the small intestine requires the presence of bile salts.
2, 3, 5
When a surgeon makes an incision in the small intestine, and what order with the physician encounter the structures? 1. epithelium 2. submucosa 3. serosa 4. muscularis 5. lamina propria 6. muscularis mucosae
3, 4, 2, 6, 5, 1 serosa, muscularis, submucosa, muscularis mucosae, lamina propria, epithelium
Which of the following is not true concerning the liver? a. The left hepatic duct joins the cystic duct from the gallbladder. b. As blood passes through the sinusoids, it is processed by the hepatocytes and phagocytes. c. Process blood returns from the liver to systemic circulation through the hepatic veins. d. The liver receives oxygenated blood to the hepatic artery. e. The hepatic portal vein delivers deoxygenated blood from the G.I. tract to the liver.
A
Coiled tube attached to the cecum
Appendix
Which of the following are mismatched? a. Chemical digestion: splitting food molecules into simple substances by hydrolysis with the assistance of digestive enzymes b. motility: mechanical processes that break apart ingested food into small molecules c. ingestion: taking foods and liquids into the mouth d. propulsion: movement of food through G.I. tract due to smooth muscle contraction e. absorption: passage into blood or lymph of ions, fluids and small molecules via the epithelial lining of the G.I. tract lumen
B
A nonenzymatic fat-emulsifying agent
Bile
Causes contraction of the gallbladder and stimulates the production of pancreatic juice rich in digestive enzymes
Cholecystokinin
Forms a semisolid waste material through haustral turning in peristalsis
Colon
Contains duodenal glands in the submucosa
Duodenum
An activating brush-border enzyme that splits off part of the trypsinogen molecule to form trypsin, a protease
Enterokinase
Collapse, muscular tube involved in deglutition and peristalsis
Esophagus
Storage area for bile
Gallbladder
Stimulates secretion of gastric juices and promotes gastric emptying
Gastrin
Contains aggregated lymphatic follicles in the mucosa
Ileum
Secreted by glands in the tongue; begins breakdown of triglycerides in the stomach
Lingual lipase
Produces and secretes bile
Liver
Responsible for ingestion, mastication, and deglutition
Mouth
Contains acini that releases juices containing several digestive enzymes for protein, carbohydrates, lipid and nucleic acid digestion in sodium bicarbonate to buffer stomach acid
Pancreas
The principal triglyceride digesting enzyme in adults
Pancreatic lipase
Secreted by chief cells in the stomach; a proteolytic enzyme
Pepsin
Passageway for food, fluid and air; involved in deglutition
Pharynx
An enzyme that initiates carbohydrate digestion in the mouth
Salivary amylase
Produce a fluid in the mouth that helps cleansing mouth and teeth in that lubricates, dissolves, and begins the chemical breakdown of food
Salivary glands
Stimulates the flow of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonates; decreases gastric secretions
Secretin
Inhibits gastrin release
Somatostatin
Responsible for churning, peristalsis, storage and chemical digestion with the enzyme pepsin
Stomach
Composed of enamel, dentin and pulp cavity; used in mastication
Teeth
Forces the food to the back of the mouth for swallowing; places food in contact with the teeth
Tongue
T or F: the coordinated contractions and relaxations of the muscularis, which propels materials through the G.I. tract, is known as peristalsis.
True
T or F: the soft palate, uvula, and epiglottis prevents swallowed foods and liquids from entering the respiratory passages.
True
Stimulate secretions of ions in water by the intestines and inhibits gastric acid secretion
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
The end products of chemical digestion of carbohydrates are ______, of proteins are _______, of lipids are _______ and ______, and of nucleic acids are ______, ______, and ______.
carbs: monosaccharides proteins: amino acids lipids: monoglycerides and fatty acids nucleic acids: pentoses, phosphates and nitrogenous bases
List the mechanisms of absorption of materials in the small intestine: ______, ______, ______, and ______.
diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis and active transport