CH. 26 HISTORY

What occurred in the election of 1952?

- Eisenhower pledged to settle the Korean conflict. - Nixon exploited the issue of domestic anticommunism. - A long period of Democratic dominance ended.

What happened after Hollywood writers and producers refused to answer HUAC questions about their political beliefs?

- They were jailed for contempt. - They were blacklisted and barred from employment.

Truman's Fair Deal proposals included which of the following?

- an expansion of Social Security benefits - government health insurance - public housing and slum clearance

The agreement that formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ______.

- declared that an attack on one member nation was an attack on all - called for the maintenance of a standing military force in Europe

The Marshall Plan was motivated, in part, by which of the following?

- humanitarian concern - a desire to improve the market for U.S. exports - a desire to ensure that Europe would not be an economic drain on the United States

The administration of Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek was known for its ______.

- lack of popular support - corruption - hostility toward Mao Zedong

What emboldened the North Koreans to launch an invasion of the South?

- the relative weakness of South Korea - the U.S. government's implication that Korea was not within its "defense perimeter"

In the United States, the Korean War resulted in which of the following?

> anxiety over communism > rising insecurity about America's position in the world > economic growth

Who was the Democratic candidate in the presidential election of 1952?

Adlai E. Stevenson

After his election in 1948, Truman was able to pass some Fair Deal reforms because ______.

Democrats controlled both houses of Congress

Who was the Republican candidate in the presidential election of 1952?

Dwight D. Eisenhower

In 1949, Truman was able to get Congress to pass a national health insurance program.

FALSE

The National Security Act of 1947 sharply restricted the ability of the president to shape foreign policy.

FALSE

Which of the Allies were most concerned with preserving their spheres of influence in the postwar world?

Great Britain and the Soviet Union

What hampered Truman's ability to "get tough" with the Soviets after assuming office?

He had little leverage over Russia and was unable to enter into a renewed conflict in Europe.

How did Truman regard the Soviet Union at the start of his presidency?

In sharp contrast to Roosevelt, he viewed the Soviet Union with deep distrust.

The establishment of NATO ______.

Preceded the signing of the Warsaw Pact by several years

McCarthy's first investigations targeted ______.

State Department

In the postwar period, the Soviet Union wanted to control Central and Eastern Europe and use the region as a protective buffer against the West.

TRUE

The desire to economically strengthen Western European nations was due to a fear they might fall under control of domestic communist parties.

TRUE

When Harry S. Truman assumed the presidency, he viewed Stalin with deep suspicion and even hatred.

TRUE

Which statement is most accurate regarding the Democratic convention in 1948?

The Democrats were abandoned by two factions, one liberal and the other conservatives.

Which statement best describes the results of the 1952 elections?

The Republicans took control of the White House and both houses of Congress.

Why did the Truman administration increase its support for military atomic research in the postwar period?

The United States was unable to come to terms with the Soviet Union on an international nuclear weapons treaty.

What action taken at Potsdam confirmed that Germany would remain divided?

Truman refused to allow the Russians to claim reparations from the American, French, and British zones of Germany.

China entered the war ______.

When American forces neared the Chinese border

Joseph McCarthy was ______.

a Republican senator

NATO was founded by ______.

a coalition of twelve nations

An integral part of the containment policy was to ______.

aid the economic reconstruction of Europe

The McCarran Internal Security Act of 1950 required ______ to register with the government.

all communist organizations

After ousting Chiang Kai-shek from power, the communists controlled ______.

all of mainland China but not Taiwan

The fear of nuclear weapons and nuclear destruction ______.

appeared widely in popular culture

Many conservative Americans believed that containment was akin to ______.

appeasement

The main reason that Stalin authorized a North Korean invasion of the South was to ______.

blunt a potential South Korean offensive that might put a pro-Western government at its doorstep

Bitter strikes in the ______ industries required Truman's intervention in 1946.

coal and railroad

At their meeting in Morocco, Allied leaders agreed to ______.

demand nothing less than unconditional surrender from the Axis

A 1948 public opinion poll revealed that a majority of Americans believed atomic power would ______.

do more good than harm in the long run

In 1947, when it began a famous series of investigations, the House Un-American Activities Committee was ______.

dominated by Republicans

In 1948, during heightened tensions with the Soviets, the United States ______.

elevated nuclear weaponry to a central place in its military arsenal

Stalin's true motivation for his actions after the war was to ______.

ensure Soviet security

At the time of his accession to the presidency, Truman ______.

had almost no familiarity with international issues

During Joseph McCarthy's investigation into alleged subversion in government, ______.

he never produced conclusive evidence that any federal employee was a communist

Truman supported the corrupt and incompetent government of Chiang Kai-shek because ______.

he was afraid of a communist takeover of China

When Truman intervened in a steel strike in 1952, ______.

his actions were ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court

The federal loyalty program was ______.

initiated by Truman

At the Yalta Conference, ______.

it was agreed the Soviet Union should regain land lost in the 1904 Russo-Japanese War

The results of the 1946 election ______.

made Truman's efforts to pass the Fair Deal more difficult

The administration of Syngman Rhee, South Korea's leader at the time of the North Korean invasion, was ______.

nominally democratic but anticommunist

The founding charter of the United Nations established a Security Council composed of ______.

permanent and temporary delegations

Much of the anticommunist furor in the United States emerged from ______.

politically motivated attacks by the Republicans on the Democrats

By mid-1951, the conflict in Korea had turned into a(n) ______.

protracted stalemate along the 38th parallel

After the war, demand among women for paid employment ______.

remained high throughout the country

Truman reacted to the growing strength of the communist movement in China by ______.

sending arms and money to the movement's opponents

Which of the following best characterizes Josef Stalin's priorities on the Korean peninsula?

strategic for security purposes

Upon what faulty premise was the doctrine of containment based?

that communists sought to spread their ideology in a global revolution

Henry A. Wallace, a former vice president, was ______.

the Progressive Party's nominee in 1948

The United Nations Security Council, which was created at the Yalta conference, was to include permanent representatives from which five nations?

the United States, Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and China

According to the anticommunist John Birch Society, a prime result of the treason that infiltrated the U.S. government was ______.

the creation of the United Nations

The Cold War intensified in 1949 with ______.

the first successful test of an atomic weapon by the Soviet Union

The first target of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was ______.

the movie industry

Which of Stalin's demands did Roosevelt and Churchill refuse to accept at their meeting in Casablanca in January 1943?

to open up a second front in Western Europe to help the Red Army fight off a German invasion

By the late 1940s the use of nuclear power for generating electricity was ______.

viewed positively by the public, and plants were springing up in many areas of the country

Reconversion resulted in increased job opportunities for ______.

war veterans

The McCarran Internal Security Act ______.

was opposed by Truman

In the months following the 1948 elections, Truman ______.

won passage of some Fair Deal reforms

Under the policy of containment, the U.S. and its allies would ______.

work to prevent Soviet expansion