Ch. 26 Quiz

The normal pH range for extracellular fluid is

7.35-7.45

Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism

ADH

Aldosterone

All of the answers are correct

Secretion of potassium into the urine is

All of the answers are correct

Prolonged vomiting can result in

metabolic alkalosis

When pure water is consumed,

osmolarities of the two fluid compartments fall.

The amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys is regulated mainly by

aldosterone

Which substance plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption

aldosterone

When the pH rises above 7.45, a state of ______ exists

alkalosis

Hyperventilation will ______ pH

to raise, increase

A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of a body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ion is called a(n)

buffer

A(n) ______ consists of a combination of a weak acid and its associated anion

buffer system

With regard to fluid balance, water gains occur primarily in the

digestive tract

When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops, the kidneys

excrete more hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate ions.

A(n) ________ acid is an acid that cannot leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

fixed

With regard to mineral balance, the primary site of ion loss in the body is

kidneys

The primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to

limit pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids

All of the following factors cause potassium excretion except

Decreased pH of extracellular fluid

The ions in highest concentration in the extracellular fluid are sodium and

Chloride

About two-thirds of the body's fluid is within cells and is termed _____ fluid

Intracellular

The principal cation in cytoplasm is

Potassium

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by

The kidneys

A(n) _______acid is an acid that can leave solution and enter the atmosphere

Volatile

Intracellular fluid is found only within

cells of the body

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory alkalosis

consequence of hyperventilation, for example in fever or mental illness

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory acidosis

consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation, for example due to emphysema

When water is lost, but electrolytes are retained,

osmosis moves water from the intracellular fluid to the extracellular fluid.

Which buffers/buffer system exist(s) only in intracellular fluid

phosphate buffer system

______ play(s) a key role in maintaining acid-base homeostasis by eliminating carbon dioxide

respiratory system

Consuming a meal high in salt will

result in a temporary increase in blood volume

The release of natriuretic peptides from the heart will cause all of the following responses except

stimulation of ADH release