Ch. 3 Matter and Energy Dynamic Study Module

Two units of measurement for energy are calories and joules. The measurement of 32.3 kJ is the same amount of energy as ___________.

7.72 kcal

A body temperature of 40.2 °C would result in a high fever. Convert this temperature into °F, using the correct equation. TF = 1.8(Tc) + 32 TK= Tc + 273 Remember to select an answer with the correct number of significant figures.

104 Degrees F

A body temperature of 40.2 °C would result in a high fever. Convert this temperature into °F, using the correct equation. TF = 1.8(Tc) + 32 TK= Tc + 273 Remember to select an answer with the correct number of significant figures.

104°F

Chemistry involves two basic types of changes: physical and chemical. Physical changes are changes that do not require a change in the chemical identity of a substance. They often involve changes in the state of matter or the creation or separation of a mixture. Chemical changes are changes that involve a change in the chemical identity of a substance. In other words, a new chemical or substance is created through a chemical change. A chemical change is also thought of as a chemical reaction. Which of the following is a physical change?

Melting solid gold to pour into a jewelry mold

Calculate the heat required to raise the temperature of 28.6 g of sodium from 33.7 °C to 73.8 °C. The specific heat capacity of sodium is 1.23 J/(g∙ °C).

1.41 × 103 J

Two units of measurement for energy are calories and joules. The measurement of 355 J is the same amount of energy as ___________.

84.8 cal

An 85-g sample of iron is at an initial temperature of 38 °C. If 2213 joules of heat are applied to the sample, what is the final temperature of the iron?

96 °C

Is chicken noodle soup an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture?

heterogeneous mixture

Which of the following is an example of a homogenous mixture?

low-fat milk (1%)

Convert −218 °F to Kelvin.

134 K

Changes in state are called phase changes. A phase change is a change from one physical state (gas, liquid, or solid) to another. The amount of energy necessary to melt 1 mole of any solid is called its enthalpy of fusion. The amount of energy necessary to vaporize 1 mole of any substance is called its enthalpy of vaporization. The enthalpy of fusion of ice is 6.02 kJ/mol. Calculate the energy required to melt 25.9 g of ice.

8.67 kJ

At night, the surface of the moon can get as low as -279.4 °F. Convert the temperature of the moon's surface into °C, using the correct equation. Tc=Tf-32/1.8 TF = 1.8(Tc) + 32 TK= Tc + 273 Remember to select an answer with the correct number of significant figures.

-173 C Explanation: Temperature of F is Tf (Tf-32)/1.8

The lowest recorded temperature in Canada was −63 °C in Snag, Yukon on February 3, 1947. Convert this temperature to Fahrenheit.

-81 Degrees F

The specific heat capacity for a substance is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 °C. It is measured in units of J/( g∙°C) Calculate the specific heat capacity for a 22.7-g sample of lead that absorbs 237 J when its temperature increases from 29.8 °C to 95.6 °C.

0.159 J Over g* Degrees C

Calculate the specific heat capacity for a 13.7-g sample of nickel that absorbs 361 J when its temperature increases from 28.4 °C to 87.8 °C.

0.444 J over g*°C

The enthalpy of fusion of ice is 6.02 kJ/mol. Calculate the energy required to melt 25.9 g of ice.

156 kJ Explanation: Mass=25.9 Molar Mass = 18.02 g/mol Enthalpy of Fusion = 6.02 Specific Heat is 8.67 kJ (unsure how to find the molar mass.. need to research a bit more)

Convert 320 °F to Celsius.

160 Degrees Celsius

Calculate the heat required to raise the temperature of 75.1 g of mercury from 31.7 °C to 53.8 °C. The specific heat capacity of mercury is 0.14 J/(g∙ °C).

2.3 × 10^2 J

Convert the boiling point of water, 100.0 °C, into °F by using the correct equation.

212°F

Room temperatures normally vary from 21 to 23 °C. Assume that the temperature is 22 °C, and convert this into Kelvins, using the correct equation. TF = 1.8(Tc) + 32 TK= Tc + 273 Remember to select an answer with the correct number of significant figures.

295 K

Changes in state are called phase changes. A phase change is a change from one physical state (gas, liquid, or solid) to another. The amount of energy necessary to melt 1 mole of any solid is called its enthalpy of fusion. The amount of energy necessary to vaporize 1 mole of any substance is called its enthalpy of vaporization. The enthalpy of vaporization of liquid isopropyl alcohol is 45 kJ/mol. Calculate the energy required to vaporize 39.5 g of this compound.

30. kJ

Two units of measurement for energy are calories and joules. The measurement of 8.75 kcal is the same amount of energy as ___________.

36.6 kJ

Convert the normal body temperature, 98.7 °F, into °C by using the correct equation. TF = 1.8(Tc) + 32 TK= Tc + 273 Remember to select an answer with the correct number of significant figures.

37.1 Degrees C

Convert 215 °F to Kelvin.

375 K

The enthalpy of fusion of solid n-butane is 4.66 kJ/mol. Calculate the energy required to melt 58.3 g of solid n-butane.

4.66 kJ

The enthalpy of fusion of solid sodium is 2.60 kJ/mol. Calculate the energy required to melt 43.6 g of solid sodium.

4.94 kJ

Changes in state are called phase changes. A phase change is a change from one physical state (gas, liquid, or solid) to another. The amount of energy necessary to melt 1 mole of any solid is called its enthalpy of fusion. The amount of energy necessary to vaporize 1 mole of any substance is called its enthalpy of vaporization. The enthalpy of fusion of ice is 6.02 kJ/mol. Calculate the energy required to melt 25.9 g of ice.

8.67 kJ

The average temperature in Hawaii, in the month of October, is 27.2 °C. Convert the average temperature into °F, using the correct equation. Tc=Tf-32/1.8 TF = 1.8(Tc) + 32 TK= Tc + 273 Remember to select an answer with the correct number of significant figures.

81°F

A 91-g sample of gold is at an initial temperature of 22 °C. If 874 joules of heat are applied to the sample, what is the final temperature of the gold?

97°C.

Convert 28 °C to Kelvin.

=301 K Tk=Tc+273

The specific heat capacity for a substance is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 °C. It is measured in units of J/(g∙°C). Specific heat capacity = J/g*°C Calculate the specific heat capacity for a 15.3-g sample of gold that absorbs 87.2 J when its temperature increases from 35.0 °C to 79.2 °C.

=4.66 kJ. The energy required to melt a solid depends on the amount of the substance and the heat of fusion. The heat of fusion is the amount of heat necessary to melt 1 mole of any substance. The heat can be calculated using the equation: q=n*ΔHvFusion where q is the heat, n is the moles of the substance, and DHfus is the enthalpy of fusion. From the information given in the problem: Mass = 58.3 g Molar mass = 58.12 g/mol Enthalpy of fusion = 4.66 kJ/mol Use the molar mass to find the moles of ice. 58.3g C4H10 * (1 mol C4H10)/1.00 mol C4H10 Then, use the heat equation to calculate the amount of heat needed to melt the given sample. q=1.00 mol-4.66 kJ/mol q=4.66 kJ

Convert −86 °F to Celsius.

=66 C (Tf-32)/1.8 = (-86-32)/1.8 Make sure to remember to use the NEGATIVE before the 86 or it will throw your answer way off.

Changes in state are called phase changes. A phase change is a change from one physical state (gas, liquid, or solid) to another. The amount of energy necessary to melt 1 mole of any solid is called its enthalpy of fusion. The amount of energy necessary to vaporize 1 mole of any substance is called its enthalpy of vaporization. The enthalpy of fusion of solid n-butane is 4.66 kJ/mol. Calculate the energy required to melt 58.3 g of solid n-butane.

?? Explanation on how to solve

A compound is a form of matter that contains two or more different elements, bonded together in a fixed ratio. Because a compound contains only elements bonded in a fixed ratio, it is a pure substance. For instance, water is a compound as it always consists of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. More specifically, water contains two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom.

Ammonia, NH3

Chemistry involves two basic types of changes: physical and chemical. Physical changes are changes that do not require a change in the chemical identity of a substance. They often involve changes in the state of matter or the creation or separation of a mixture. Chemical changes are changes that involve a change in the chemical identity of a substance. In other words, a new chemical or substance is created through a chemical change. A chemical change is also thought of as a chemical reaction. Which of the following is a chemical change?

Burning gasoline in your car

An element is the simplest form of matter that retains its own unique properties, which are different from all other elements. Elements are pure substances, as they consist of only one type of matter, in a fixed composition. The Periodic Table of the Elements lists all of the known elements in the universe. Which of the following is an element?

Chromium, Cr

Chemistry involves two basic types of changes: physical and chemical. Associated with these changes are physical properties and chemical properties. Physical properties are characteristics used to describe the appearance of a substance. This includes observations like the state, color, size, and shape of matter. Chemical properties are characteristics used to describe the chemical behavior of a substance. This includes observations like reactivity, as well as the inability to react. Which of the following describes a physical property of copper metal?

Copper metal is pulled into thin wires.

Chemistry involves two basic types of changes: physical and chemical. Physical changes are changes that do not require a change in the chemical identity of a substance. They often involve changes in the state of matter or the creation or separation of a mixture. Chemical changes are changes that involve a change in the chemical identity of a substance. In other words, a new chemical or substance is created through a chemical change. A chemical change is also thought of as a chemical reaction. Which of the following is a physical change?

Dissolving sugar in water

Chemistry involves two basic types of changes: physical and chemical. Physical changes are changes that do not require a change in the chemical identity of a substance. They often involve changes in the state of matter or the creation or separation of a mixture. Chemical changes are changes that involve a change in the chemical identity of a substance. In other words, a new chemical or substance is created through a chemical change. A chemical change is also thought of as a chemical reaction. Which of the following is a chemical change?

Dying your hair blond.

Chemistry involves two basic types of changes: physical and chemical. Associated with these changes are physical properties and chemical properties. Physical properties are characteristics used to describe the appearance of a substance. This includes observations like the state, color, size, and shape of matter. Chemical properties are characteristics used to describe the chemical behavior of a substance. This includes observations like reactivity as well as the inability to react. Which of the following describes a chemical property of gasoline?

Gasoline ignites easily in air.

Which of the following describes a chemical property of gasoline?

Gasoline ignites easily in air.

Chemistry involves two basic types of changes: physical and chemical. Physical changes are changes that do not require a change in the chemical identity of a substance. They often involve changes in the state of matter or the creation or separation of a mixture. Chemical changes are changes that involve a change in the chemical identity of a substance. In other words, a new chemical or substance is created through a chemical change. A chemical change is also thought of as a chemical reaction. Which of the following is a physical change?

Grinding peppercorns into pepper flakes

There are two types of pure substances: elements and compounds. An element is the simplest form of matter that retains its own unique properties, which are different from all other elements. The Periodic Table of the Elements lists all of the known elements in the universe. A compound is a form of matter that contains two or more different elements, bonded together in a fixed ratio. For instance, water is a compound as it always consists of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. More specifically, water contains two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom. There are two types of impure substances or mixtures: homogeneous and heterogeneous. Mixtures involve two or more substances that are physically mixed or intermingled. However, these substances are not chemically bonded together. Therefore, the substances can be present in any ratio. A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition whereas a heterogeneous mixture does not have a uniform composition. Is vegetable oil an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture?

Homogeneous mixture

The enthalpy of vaporization of liquid water is 40.65 kJ/mol. Calculate the energy required to vaporize 12.5 g of liquid water.

Latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to convert 1 gram of liquid into its vapor state without change in its temperature. Given : The enthalpy of vaporization of water is 40.65 kJ/mol. n = number of moles = Thus 1 mole of water requires heat = 40.65 kJ 0.694 moles of water requires heat = Thus the energy required to vaporize 12.5 g of liquid water is 28.2 kJ

Mixtures involve two or more substances that are physically mixed or intermingled. However, these substances are not chemically bonded together. Therefore, the substances can be present in any ratio. There are two types of mixtures: homogeneous and heterogeneous. A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition whereas a heterogeneous mixture does not have a uniform composition. Because of this, homogeneous mixtures look identical throughout the mixture to our eyes, as we cannot physically see the presence of more than one substance due to the uniformity. In terms of heterogeneous mixtures, we are able to see a physical boundary between different substances within the mixture, indicating the presence of more than one substance. Which of the following is an example of a homogenous mixture?

Low-fat milk (1%)

Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter exists in three different states: solids, liquids, and gases. Because solids, liquids, and gases all have a well-defined mass, the differences in the state of matter can be determined by their shape and their volume. Which of the following descriptions is used to describe the solid state?

Matter in this state has a definite shape and definite volume.

Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter exists in three different states: solids, liquids, and gases. Because solids, liquids, and gases all have a well-defined mass, the differences in the state of matter can be determined by their shape and their volume. Which of the following descriptions is used to describe the liquid state?

Matter in this state has a definite volume, and the shape is determined by the container.

Chemistry involves two basic types of changes: physical and chemical. Physical changes are changes that do not require a change in the chemical identity of a substance. They often involve changes in the state of matter or the creation or separation of a mixture. Chemical changes are changes that involve a change in the chemical identity of a substance. In other words, a new chemical or substance is created through a chemical change. A chemical change is also thought of as a chemical reaction. Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

Melting Snow

The specific heat capacity for a substance is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 °C. It is measured in units of J/(g∙°C). specific heat capacity = J/ g*°C Calculate the specific heat capacity for a 15.3-g sample of gold that absorbs 87.2 J when its temperature increases from 35.0 °C to 79.2 °C.

The specific heat capacity for gold is: The equation for specific heat capacity is: From the information given in the problem: Heat = 87.2 J Mass = 15.3 g Temperature change, (ΔT), = TFinal - TInitial = 79.2 °C - 35.0 °C = 44.2 °C The final answer is rounded off to three significant figures because each of the other quantities in the calculation contain three significant figures. The answer is not given with the correct units. For this calculation, the heat units are in joules and not calories. The answer is obtained when the initial temperature is used in the calculation instead of the change in temperature. The change in temperature that results after absorbing the heat is used in the calculation for specific heat capacity. The answer is obtained when the final temperature is used in the calculation instead of the change in temperature. The change in temperature that results after absorbing the heat is used in the calculation for specific heat capacity.