Ch 3 Pharmacology of the Autonomic Nervous system

What neurotransmitters are found in the Autonomic Branch of the PNS?

1.) ACh (Found at preganglionic sites) 2.)NE (Found at postganglionic sites)

1.)What are Adrenergic receptors classified as? 2.) What are the 3 types of Adrenergic receptors? 3.) What Neurotransmitter do they bind with?

1.) Adrenergic Receptors 2.) Alpha (1/2), Beta (1/2) and Dopamine 3.) NE (Norepinephrine)

1.) Where are Beta1 receptors found? 2.) What do Beta1 receptors cause?

1.) Cardiac muscle (The heart) 2.) Increase Heart rate, Increase in force of contraction and conduction

1.) What are Muscarinic and Nicotrinic receptors classified as? 2.)What Neurotransmitter do they bind with?

1.) Cholinergic receptors (They are termed Muscarinic or Nicotinic depending on their location) 2.) ACh (Acetylcholine)

1.) Where are Dopamine receptors located? 2.) What does their stimulation cause?

1.) Kidneys 2.) Relaxation of renal artery, Increased perfusion to kidneys

What branches from the Autonomic System?

1.) Parasympathetic Branch (Homeostasis, Daily Maintenance) 2.) Sympathetic Branch (Alert System for stressful situations)

What are the Two Junctions (Synapses) that are involved in the Autonomic Branch of the PNS?

1.) Presynaptic/ Preganglionic neurons (Travels from the brain to the ganglia) 2.)Postsynaptic/Postganglionic neurons (Travels from Ganglia to involuntary muscle (cardiac or smooth) or a gland).

1.)Where are Beta2 receptors found? 2.) What do Beta2 receptors cause?

1.) Smooth muscle of airways and in certain blood vessels (THE LUNG) 2.) Bronchodilation and Vasodilation

1.)Where are Alpha1 and Alpha2 receptors found? 2.) What do Alpha1 receptors cause?

1.)Smooth muscle of blood vessels 2.)Vasoconstriction

What is a ganglion/ Ganglia?

A cluster of nerves that lie outside the CNS.

What neurotransmitter binds with Nicotinic and Muscarinic receptors?

ACh (Acetylcholine)

What Neurotransmitter substance is stored in the Somatic System?

ACh (acetylcholine)

What receptor is located at the postsynaptic junction of the Sympathetic system?

Adrenergic receptors which are found on glands or smooth/cardiac muscle

Direct acting agents are called _______ and _________a specific response.

Agonists, Cause

What does the Peripheral Nervous System include?

All nerves Outside the Brain and Spinal Cord

What do Alpha2 receptors cause?

Anesthetic effects

Indirect acting agents are called____________and ________ a specific response.

Antagonists, Block

Antimuscarinics increase heart rate and cause bronchodilation - What type of Parasympatholytic drugs fall into this category?

Atropine, Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)

Would Beta1 or Beta2 agonists be apart of treatment of bronchospasm?

Beta2

Sympatholytic drugs do what?

Block or slow the normal function of the sympathetic system (adrenergic blockers)

Parasympatholytic drugs do what?

Blocks or Antagonizes the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system

What does the Central Nervous System include?

Brain and Spinal Cord

What is the Autonomic Nervous System Responsible for?

Involuntary control Sympathetic (Fight or Flight) Parasympathetic (Rest and Digest)

LABA stands for?

Long acting Beta2 -agonist

LAMA stands for?

Long acting muscarinic antagonist

What receptor is located at the postsynaptic junction of the Parasympathetic System?

Muscarinic receptors (ACh binds with Muscarinic receptor - Receptor is found on involuntary muscles or glands)

What neurotransmitter binds with Adrenergic receptors?

NE (Norepinephrine)

What is the only type of Junction (synapse) found in the Somatic System?

Neuromuscular Junction (which connects nerve to skeletal muscle)

What receptor is located at the presynaptic junctions of either the Sympathetic or Parasympathetic System?

Nicotinic Receptor (ACh binds with the Nicotinic Receptor - These receptors pass signal to Postganglionic fibers)

Is the Somatic System of the PNS a one-junction system or two-junction system?

One Junction System

Noncatecholamine adrengic drugs are uses for systemic vasoconstriction and bronchodilation - What type of Sympathomietic drugs fall into this category?

Phenylephrine (Nasal Decongestant) Albuterol (Asthma)

What are Efferent Nerves Responsible for?

Sending information from brain to body (Motor Pathways)

What are Afferent Nerves Responsible for?

Sending information from the body to the brain (Sensory nerves)

What does SABA stand for?

Short acting Beta2 agonist

What does SAMA stand for?

Short-acting muscarinic antagonist

Parasympathomimetic drugs do what?

Stimulates the parasympathetic system - drugs act on the ACh (Acetylcholine) receptors

Sympathomimetic drugs do what?

Stimulates the sympathetic system - drugs act on the NE (Norepinephrine) receptors

Is the Autonomic branch of the PNS a One Junction System of Two Junction System?

Two Junction system

What is the Somatic System Responsible for?

Voluntary skeletal muscle movement (Example, muscles in hand turning page of a book)

What drugs stimulate the sympathetic system?

a.) Adrenergics b.) Sympathomimetics

What drugs block/inhibit the sympathetic system?

a.) Anti-adrenergics b.) Sympatholytics c.)Alpha or Beta Blockers

1.) What drugs stimulate of mimic the parasympathetic system? 2.) What responses would you see from the parasympathetic system if these drugs were given?

a.) Cholinergics b.)Parasympathomimetics c.)Muscarinics 2.) a. Bradycardia (Decreased heart rate) b. Bronchoconstriction

1.) What drugs block or inhibit the parasympathetic system? 2.) What type of responses can we see from the sympathetic system?

a.)Anti-cholinergics b.)Parasympatholytics c.)Antimuscarinics 2.) a. Tachycardia (Increased heart rate) b. Bronchodilation