Ch 3 Quiz

attention is needed for which of the following searches Finding a small blue star amongst small yellow stars and large yellow stars Finding an oval white cafeteria trays amongst round white cafeteria trays and rectangular green cafeteria trays Finding black rectangular suitcase amongst blue rectangular suitcases and black duffle bags None of the above

Finding black rectangular suitcase amongst blue rectangular suitcases and black duffle bags

Distractors affect one's reaction time in a feature present search in the same way they affect one's reaction time in a ________ search.

feature absent

You look at a rope coiled on a beach and are able to perceive it as a single strand because of the law of

good continuation.

top-down processing

information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations

The task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on one's retina is called the radiated wavelength paradox. inverse projection problem. the perception paradox the focus of perception problem

inverse projection problem.

Gauthier et al. (1999)

measured activity in the FFA in response to faces and to "Greebles"

Speech segmentation is defined as

organizing the sounds of speech into individual words.

feature-present/feature-absent effect

people can typically locate a feature that is present more quickly than a feature that is absent

Perception Paradox

perception is automatic, yet what is so easy for the perciever to do has proved difficult for psychologists to understand and explain

The notion that every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible is called the law of

pragnanz

Law of Pragnanz (simplicity)

reality is organized or reduced to the simplest form possible

Computer programs have been designed that can recognize matching human faces with the same accuracy as a human being, but the computer loses its efficiency at this process when animal faces are substituted for human faces. the faces are of children. the faces are viewed from an angle. the faces have atypical proportions

the faces are viewed from an angle.

In a conjunctive search, reaction time increases as the number of distractors increases because ...

the items in the display are searched item by item.

experience-dependent plasticity

the mechanism through which the structure of the brain is changed by experience

conjunctive search

there are two or more features that differentiate the target from the distractors

The perception pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway.

what, where

A parallel search would be used in which type of visual search task?

A feature present search

What is the primary difference between a feature search and a conjunctive search? Describe the search strategy that is used for each of these searches.

Conjunction search results in longer reaction times and lower accuracy with respect to a feature search. The efficiency of a feature search is unaffected by the number of detractors while the efficiency of a conjunction search is dependent on the ratio of distractors and targets and the number of distractors present. A parallel search is utilized for the feature search. A serial search is utilized for the conjunction search.

Greebles

Special training to tell apart the Greebles Learned to identify quickly Outcome: - Showed that people can become experts at Greebles and that face recognition isn't special

There is a toy chest at your doctor's office with items for kids to play with while they are in the waiting room. The toy chest has blue and red marbles and green and yellow blocks in it. You notice that one of the children in the office has some of his/her own marbles and drops two of them into the toy chest. You go over to help the child find them and are told that you are looking for a green marble and a black marble. Which of the marbles will be most difficult to find? Why?

The green marble will be the most difficult to find as the search includes distractors that are different but have at least one common feature with the target. In this example, some of the detractors are green blocks and different colored marbles. Because of the green, the green marble will not pop out and you will have to search through all the items to find the object that is both green and a marble.

Gestalt laws are intrinsic (True or False)?

True

Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples? When someone can easily select a target that has a feature distinct from distracters When someone cannot read an illegible word in a written sentence When someone easily identifies an object even though that object is unexpected in that context (e.g., identifying a telephone inside a refrigerator) When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception

When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception

Which type of visual search task would usually take the longest to complete

a conjunctive absent search

serial search

a search for information in which several stores or slots of information are sequentially examined for match to the target

parallel search

a search in which multiple stimuli are processed at the same time

The results of Gauthier's "Greeble" experiment illustrate

an effect of experience-dependent plasticity.

Gestalt

an organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.

The sequence of steps that includes the image on the retina, changing the image into electrical signals, and neural processing is an example of _____ processing.

bottom-up