Ch 3 WHistory
What method did Protestant teachers use?
Humanist
How did the Holy Roman Empire accept the division of Christianity in Germany?
The peace of Augsburg
What was Martin Luther idea that became the chief teaching of the Protestant Reformation?
justification (salvation) by faith alone
What is anti-semitism?
Discrimination against Jews
What did Calvin believe?
All powerful nature of God
What religion did Henry 8th create?
Anglican Church (Church of England)
What is a woman's duties in marriage?
Bearing children, being obedient to their husbands
Why did Charles V oppose the Reformation?
Charles V wanted to keep the empire united and under the control of his Hapsburg dynasty. He felt the Reformation would disrupt the political and social order.
What paved the way for Martin Luther's reform movement in Germany?
Christian humanism
What factors combined to foster a religious reformation in Europe?
Christian humanism's goal to reform the Catholic Church; Martin Luther's criticism of the Church's corrupt and worldly practices; the rise of Lutheranism; the political struggles of Charles V.
What did the pope call that reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings and forbid the selling of indulgences?
Council of Trent in 1545
What Catholics and Protestants considered Anabaptists to be?
Dangerous radicals
Who was the best known christian humanist and what did he believe?
Desiderius Erasmus. He believed that Christianity should show people how to live good lives.
As part of the Catholic Reformation in the sixteenth century, the Catholic Church did?
Founded religious orders, introduced papal reforms, and affirmed traditional Catholic teachings
Who offered opposition to the rule of Charles V?
Francis I, the king of France, the Lutheran princes in Germany and the Ottoman Turks.
Who saw a need to defend themselves against Catholic authorities
Germans and Swiss
Why was Luther made an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire (Called the Edict of Worms)?
He wanted to overthrow the papacy, attacked the Church's system of sacraments, and promoted salvation through faith alone.
What did the act of supremacy of 1534 declare?
Henry VII was "the only supreme head on earth of the [new] Church of England."
Why did Christian humanist call for reform in the Church?
Humanists wanted Church leaders to be more spiritual and objected to veneration of relics and the buying and selling of indulgences
Who founded the Jesuits?
Ignitions Loyola
How and when did the end to religious warfare in Germany come, and what did this mean for Christianity?
In 1555 with the Peace of Augsburg.
Why did Queen Mary I had almost 300 Protestants burned as heretics?
In effort to restore Catholicism to England
What are two new religious orders?
Jesuit and Carmelites
Who emphasized the idea of predestination which gave later Calvinists the belief that they were doing gods work on earth?
John Calvin
What was the first Protestant faith?
Lutheranism
Where and when did Martin Luther issue his Ninety Five thesis?
October 31, 1517, in Wittenberg, Germany
What did desiderius believe if people read they would become more religious?
The classics (bibles)
What did the Anabaptists call for?
The complete separation of church and state
How did the Reformation and Catholic Reformation affect European life and thought?
The emergence of different forms of Protestantism; Calvin's idea of predestination; King Henry VIII's control over the new Church of England; the Anabaptists' belief in separation of church and state; new religious orders, papal reform, and the restatement of traditional Catholicism in the Council of Trent.
Who did Martin Luther believe should pay for education?
The state
What did the peace of Augsburg mean for Christianity?
This agreement formally accepted the division of Christianity in Germany. Germans were free to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism.
What Swiss priest priest introduced Protestant reforms in the city of Zurich and wanted an alliance with Martin Luther?
Ulrich Zwingli