Ch 30 Learning Curve

In animals with two or more life stages, which is least associated with dispersal?

Caterpillar

Which statement about the two forms shown is false?

They represent the gamete-producing stages.

Which statement best reflects a change that would occur during an evolutionary transition from direct development to metamorphosis?

Upon hatching, some eggs produce underdeveloped young.

A body form with radial symmetry is most likely found in

a predator that drifts through the ocean.

Endoparasites

are generally more simple morphologically than ectoparasites.

Which pairs of characters have states that support deuterostomes as a monophyletic group?

26 and 27

Which type of symmetry is most often seen in an animal that is mobile and exhibits cephalization?

Bilateral symmetry

Which two animal groups are distinguished from each other by the number of embryonic cell layers they have?

Bilaterians and cnidarians

Which of the following characteristics are common to both animals and fungi?

Heterotrophy: acquiring nutrients from the environment

Which of the following includes only deuterostomes?

Human, lizard, echinoderm, and chicken

Which statement concerning cleavage is false?

Incomplete cleavage is thought to be the ancestral condition for animal embryos.

What is an advantage of mesoderm-derived muscle lining the body cavity and surrounding organs in coelomate animals, when compared with pseudocoelomate animals?

It gives better control over fluid movement in the body cavity

Which about the medusa phase of cnidarians is true?

It is the gamete production and dispersal stage.

Which statement about pseudocoelomate animals is true?

Mesoderm lines the body cavity but does not surround organs.

The earthworm is an example of a coelomate. Which term does not apply to this animal?

Monoblastic

Which characteristic would not likely be found in an animal with a central nervous system?

Nerve net

_______ eat plants and animals.

Omnivores

Which animal type does not have symmetry of body plan?

Placozoans

Animals appear to have evolved from a common ancestor. Which statement about the early evolution of animals is false?

Studies of Hox genes suggest a polyphyletic origin for the animal kingdom.

Which statement concerning the two forms shown is true?

They function in dispersal of the species.

Which characteristic is unique to animals?

Unique types of intercellular junctions, such as desmosomes

In animals, coordination of actions of muscles is made possible by

a nervous system.

An animal with _______ symmetry is able to search headfirst for food items in its environment.

bilateral

The first cell divisions of a zygote are known as

cleavage

The probable ancestor of the animal clade resembled modern _______, which have similarities to modern _______.

colonial choanoflagellates; multicellular sponges

The major animal groups exhibit multiple feeding strategies because there is

competition with other animal species to obtain food.

An insect that lives in a habitat where similar food resources are used by all life stages would most likely show a life cycle pattern of _______.

direct development

Herbivory could evolve from a predatory feeding strategy through

existence of an omnivorous feeding strategy.

The characteristic of sponges that most resembles the hypothetical animal ancestor is their

flagellated choanocytes.

Ctenophores differ from cnidarians in that ctenophores _______, while cnidarians _______.

have a complete gut; have a gastrovascular cavity

Fungi, such as mushrooms, can be distinguished from animals because only animals

have internal digestion.

The characteristic that best defines placozoans as animals is that they

have two surface layers with a layer of contractile fibers in between them.

A predatory animal such as a wolf would have all of the following body plan characteristics except

hydrostatic skeleton.

Filter feeders

include sponges.

Movements in acoelomate animals are likely to be

limited, because of lack of segmentation.

Cnidarians typically have two body forms: one asexual and the other sexual. The sexual form is the _______, and it differs most from the asexual form in being _______.

medusa; free swimming

The body cavity of animal C would have internal organs completely enclosed in a _______.

peritoneum

There are detritivores among all of the following groups except

placozoans.

The trochophore shown is the larval form of

polychaete worms and mollusks.

An infinite number of planes passing through the central point can divide a(n) _______ into similar halves.

spherically symmetrical organism

Filter feeders differ from predators in that filter feeders

strain food from their environment, while predators capture and subdue their prey.

All of the following are used by predators in locating, capturing, and subduing prey except

straining devices.

A female frog can lay large numbers of eggs but these eggs have small energy stores. This demonstrates a reproductive

trade-off.

Sponges

were once thought to be plants.