Ch 34 heart failure EAQ

A patient who has irreversible brain injury had previously requested to be an organ donor. Which assessments must be performed to determine the suitability of harvesting the heart for cardiac transplantation? Select all that apply.

ABO blood type Body size and heart size Human leukocyte antigen typing Panel of reactive antibody (PRA) level

A patient is diagnosed with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect the patient to report?

Awakening with a feeling of suffocation

Which intervention may be included in the collaborative plan of care for a patient with chronic heart failure?

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)

Which is a major cause of death several years after a heart transplant?

Cardiac vasculopathy

A patient is admitted to the hospital with heart failure. Following an assessment, the health care provider classifies the patient as New York Heart Association (NYHA) II. Which patient profile matches this classification?

Comfortable at rest but fatigue with ordinary physical activity

A patient admitted to the emergency department with pain, dyspnea, and lower extremity edema is diagnosed with diastolic heart failure. Which finding supports the diagnosis of diastolic heart failure?

O Ejection fraction (EF) of SS9% Diastolic failure is also known as heart failure with preserved EF (HFPEF), thus eluding to the finding of a normal EF. A normal ejection fraction is 55% to 60%. In systolic heart failure, the EF is generally less than 45%.

Which primary manifestation results from the decreased filling of the cardiac ventricles associated with diastolic failure?

Decreased stroke volume and cardiac output (CO)

A patient develops unexplained heart failure (HF) that remains unresponsive to usual therapy. For which diagnostic test would the nurse prepare the patient?

Echocardiogram

In response to heart failure, in which order does the sequence of events in the renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) occur?

In the RAAS, decreased cardiac output leads to the release of renin from the kidneys. Renin causes activation of angiotensinogen, which is the enzyme that changes angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which is a potent vasoconstrictor.

Which effect would be expected from a medication that acts to increase chronotropy?

Increased heart rate

Which assessment finding is consistent with right-sided heart failure (HF)?

Jugular venous distention (JVD)

Which clinical manifestation with left-sided heart failure (HF) but not with right- sided HF?

Pink sputum

What is the most likely reason for the development of orthopnea in a patient with pulmonary edema?

Pulmonary congestion

Which area of the body would best show accumulation of edema in a patient with heart failure (HF) who spends most of the time in bed?

Sacrum

Which compensatory mechanisms are initially effective in maintaining adequate cardiac output (CO) in heart failure? Select all that apply.

Ventricular dilation Ventricular hypertrophy Activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

Which classification of acute decompensated heart failure includes a normal cardiac output (CO), increased pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), dyspnea, edema, and orthopnea?

Wet-warm

In which order of events can severe anemia lead to heart failure?

decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood stimulates an increase in cardiac output. This increase in cardiac output causes an increase in cardiac workload, resulting in hypertrophy of the left ventricle.