ch 4
steps in production of protein
DNA transfers information to mRNA mRNA travels from nucleus to cytoplasm ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both _________
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are both enclosed by two membranes. Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, and chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis.
Which one of the following is the most likely consequence for a cell lacking functional lysosomes?
The cell becomes crowded with undegraded wastes.
what is composed of prokaryotic cells
bacteria and archaea
a certain cell has a plasma membrane, ribosomes and a nucleoid region. this cell could be called a
bacterium.
lysosome in animal cell
breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes
hey are different in that chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, __________.
carry out photosynthesis
plant cells are surrounded by
cell wall
what rigid structure is found outside of the plasma membrane and surrounds bacterial cell
cell wall
what is the smallest entity that exhibits all characteristics of life
cells
basal bodies have the same structures as
centrioles
what are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not have
chloroplast, central vacuole and cell wall
what is required for photosynthesis
chloroplasts which contain green pigment chlorophyll and enzymes
plant cells have two energy related organelles which are
chloroplasts which harnesses light energy to create sugars and mitochondria which breaks down sugars into ATP
chromatin
composed of DNA and protein
mitochondrion in animal cell
converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell
mitochondrion in plant cell
converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell
The term used to indicate the part of a eukaryotic cell where organelles are suspended in fluid is _____.
cytoplasm. it fills the area between nucleus and plasma membrane
what builds compounds
endoplasmic reticulum
what organelle compromises the endomembrane system of a cell
endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosome
which is part of the endomembrane system
er, golgi apparatus, lysosomes and vesicles. it manufactures processes and transports lipids and proteins.
major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are
eukaryotic cells have organelles and prokaryotic cells do not
what processes and packages proteins
golgi apparatus
what stores modifies and packages products
golgi apparatus
where is mitochondrion found
in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic animal cells
central dogma of genetics
is the steps in production of protein
what breaks compounds
lysosome
what organelle breaks down worn out organelles
lysosomes
where are digestive enzymes stored
lysosomes of the cell
what carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?
mRNA. m stands for messenger of RNA
chloroplast in plant cell
makes food by converting light energy into chemical
Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.
metabolically active
what provides the cell with structural support
microfilaments are a component of cytoskeleton
what is a hollow rod that shapes and supports the cell
microtubules
where in a cell is ATP made
mitochondria
what organelle carries out cellular respiration
mitochondrion
what organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?
mitochondrion. both in animal and plant cells.
golgi apparatus in plant cell
modifies and packages protein
the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is characterized by
molecules moving freely past eachother.
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
nucleoid region. bacteria does not have a nucleus.
where is the DNA in a eukaryotic cell
nucleus
cell wall
only in plants
mitochondria the sites of cellular respiration are found in
plant and animal cells
ribosomes are found in
plant and animal cells
chloroplast only exists in
plant cell
The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.
plasma membrane
animal cells are surrounded by
plasma membrane
to enter or leave a cell substances must pass through
plasma membrane
what is a selective barrier and regulates passes in and out of the cell
plasma membrane
what structure acts as a selective barrier regulating the traffic of materials in and out of the cell
plasma membrane
smooth ER
plays a role in detoxification and lipid synthesis
peroxisome
produces h202 as a by product
a nucleoid region indicates what
prokaryotes
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
protection
what are the two main components of cell membranes
proteins and lipids
central vacuole in plant cell
regulates cytoplasm composition creates internal pressure and stores cell compounds
in bacterium where are proteins synthesized
ribosomes
primary sites of protein production in eukaryotic cell
ribosomes
what is the site of protein synthesis
ribosomes
what manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane
rough ER
how do smooth ER and rough ER differ
rough ER is covered by ribosomes. proteins are completed inside the rough ER
movement of protein through endomembrane system
rough ER, vesicle from ER, golgi apparatus, vesicle from golgi, plasma membrane
smooth ER in animal cell
site of lipid synthesis
where are lipids made in the cell
smooth ER
where is calcium stored
smooth ER
what is a human cell with a flagellum
sperm
nucleus in animal cell
stores genetic info of the cell
what is a function of central vacuole
storing compounds produced by the plant cell only
plant cell wall
strong protective structure made from cellulose fibrils
cytoskeleton
structural framework in a cell
fimbriae
surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface
nuclear envelope
the double membrane that encloses the nucleus
membrane proteins are synthesized by ribosomes that are attached to
the endoplasmic reticulum.
what is the advantage of the extensive infolding of the inner membrane of mitochondria
to increase the surface area to maximize atp production
ribosome in animal cell
works with mRNA to synthesize proteins