Ch 4

The synthesis of organic molecules by cells is called: a. anabolism b. catabolism

a. anabolism

Chemical reactions that require an input of energy are said to be ________. a. endergonic b. exergonic

a. endergonic

Both glycolysis and the ctiric acid cycle occur in the mitochondria. a. false b. true

a. false

Catabolism is the process of building small molecules into large ones. a. false b. true

a. false

In glycolysis, glucose is converted to glycogen. a. false b. true

a. false

Small amounts of ATP are produced when glucose is converted to __________. a. pyruvate/pyruvic acid b. myoglobin c. creatine phosphate d. acetylcholinesterase

a. pyruvate/pyruvic acid

Cellular respiration makes carbon dioxide as a waste product. a. true b. false

a. true

More ATP is generated from glycolytic reactions under aerobic than under anaerobic conditions. a. true b. false

a. true

Which produces more ATP per molecule of glucose? a. anaerobic pathway b. aerobic pathway

b. aerobic pathway

The term metabolism: a. includes the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules b. all of the answer choices are correct c. refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in the body d. includes the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules e. includes anabolism and catabolism

b. all of the answer choices are correct

The electrons that are transferred through the electron transport system initially belonged to: a. ATP b. both NADH and FADH2 c. FADH2 d. NADH e. oxygen

b. both NADH and FADH2

Where does glycolysis occur? a. mitochondrial cristae b. cytosol c. mitochondrial matrix d. intermembrane space on mitochondria

b. cytosol

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is false? a. it does not require oxygen b. it results in the net gain of 30-32 ATP molecules c. it occurs in the cytosol d. it results in the formation of two molecules of pyruvate

b. it results in the net gain of 30-32 ATP molecules

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is false? a. it does not require oxygen b. it results in the net gain of 30-32 ATP molecules c. it results in the formation of two molecules of pyruvate d. it occurs in the cytosol

b. it results in the net gain of 30-32 ATP molecules

As a result of anaerobic metabolism in humans, glucose is converted to ________. a. pyruvate b. lactate c. citric acid d. acetyl CoA

b. lactate

Can the citric acid cycle proceed without oxygen? a. yes b. no

b. no

Which of these processes always requires oxygen? a. anaerobic metabolism b. oxidative phosphorylation c. lactate formation d. glycolysis e. all of the answers are correct

b. oxidative phosphorylation

The energy of a phosphate bond in ATP is an example of: a. kinetic energy b. potential energy

b. potential energy

Which statement is false regarding glycolysis? a. may yield two molecules of lactate for each molecule of glucose processed b. takes place in the mitochondria of cells c. has a net yield of two molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose processed

b. takes place in the mitochondria of cells

Energy is defined as: a. using glucose to synthesize ATP b. the capacity to do work c. doing tasks that make you tired d. the light and heat from the sun

b. the capacity to do work

Following glycolysis, pyruvate can enter the citric acid cycle and be broken down into carbon dioxide if oxygen is present. a. false b. true

b. true

Which of the following is a key intermediate of glucose catabolism to the citric acid cycle? a. ATP b. lactate c. oxygen d. pyruvate e. glucokinase

d. pyruvate

Anaerobic respiration in the muscles does not produce: a. energy b. lactic acid c. carbon dioxide

c. carbon dioxide

The most common substrate of cellular respiration is: a. sucrose b. fats c. glucose d. amino acids

c. glucose

The process common to aerobic and anaerobic catabolism of glucose: a. electron transport chain b. citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) c. glycolysis

c. glycolysis

When cells "burn" glucose, it is more correctly referred to as the _______________ of glucose to release stored energy. a. transformation b. destruction c. oxidation d. reduction

c. oxidation

The aerobic metabolism of glucose requires: a. RNA b. DNA c. oxygen d. carbon dioxide

c. oxygen

Glycolysis converts glucose into two ______________ molecules. a. glycogen b. acetyl CoA c. pyruvate

c. pyruvate

What is the net amount of ATP produced from glycolysis (per molecule of glucose)? a. 0 b. 30-32 c. 4 d. 2 e. 1

d. 2

The net energy yield for the anaerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule is: a. 2 ATP and 2 FADH2 b. 2 ATP and 2 NADH c. 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 d. 2 ATP and 0 NADH e. 0 ATP and 2 NADH

d. 2 ATP and 0 NADH

To overcome an energy barrier between reactants and products in a chemical reaction, energy must be provided to get the reaction started. This energy, which is recovered as the reaction proceeds, is called: a. potential energy b. kinetic energy c. reaction energy d. activation energy e. initiation energy

d. activation energy

Which of the following is not a product of glycolysis? a. ATP b. NADH c. all of the choices are products of glycolysis d. carbon dioxide e. pyruvate

d. carbon dioxide

The most common substrate of cellular respiration is: a. amino acids b. sucrose c. fats d. glucose

d. glucose

A ball rolling down a hill is an example of: a. none of the answers are correct b. potential energy c. chemical energy d. kinetic energy

d. kinetic energy

During aerobic respiration, the last carrier protein in the electron transport chain transfers a pair of electrons to: a. water b. NADH c. a proton (H+) d. oxygen e. Coenzyme Q

d. oxygen

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs ________; the beneficial end product is ________. a. twice during the citric acid cycle, ATP b. in the mitochondria due to the electron transport system, carbon dioxide c. in the cytoplasm just inside the plasma membrane, water d. in the cytoplasm just inside the plasma membrane, ATP e. in the mitochondria due to the electron transport system, ATP

e. in the mitochondria due to the electron transport system, ATP

Which cell structure contains the enzymes required for oxidative phosphorylation? a. smooth endoplasmic reticulum b. peroxisomes c. endosomes d. rough endoplasmic reticulum e. mitochondria

e. mitochondria

________ are protein molecules that speed up chemical reactions by ________ the activation energy of the reaction.

enzymes; decreasing

Metabolic regulation in which the last product of a metabolic pathway accumulates and slows or stops reactions earlier in the pathway is called ______.

feedback inhibition