Ch. 4 Questions

Which type of interaction may include playing basketball, cooking, dining, or having coffee with informants?

"Hanging Out" Interviews -> Participant Observation

A word that best describes participant observation is

Unstructured

Remote sensing techniques are

magnetic technologies that can reveal original arrangement and structure of a site (Don't disrupt anything)

If you studied the deeply buried remains of a 15,000-year-old funerary site in the Gobi Desert you would be least likely to analyze

The age of any artifacts

One of the methods that archaeologists can use to determine potentially useful areas to excavate involves the use of

regional surveys GIS systems surface surveys aerial surveys (All of the Above)

In order to study culture one must travel to distant, far-off places.

False

The only useful way that we can understand non-living human ancestors comes from the study of fossils.

False: Artifacts, writings, etc.

____________ questions encourage informants to talk about what they find particularly meaningful

Open-ended

The ability to document changes in pottery styles in non-living societies happens through

Thermoluminescence Dating

Studying pottery is an important part of understanding ancient cultures because potsherds break but never completely decompose under normal environmental conditions.

True

Cultural anthropologists do research by

asking questions

The comparative method

compares 2 or more societies to discern broad patterns in societies

Anthropologists often disguise the identity of their _____________.

informants

Which term refers to the knowledge about other people that emerges from relationships?

intersubjectivity

Among cultural anthropologists, fieldwork involves

interviews, fieldnotes, and participant observation

In order to be certain that a particular area holds promise for paleoanthropological research, what is first used to evaluate the site?

test pits

When Anthropologists go into the field

they often go with the flow of everyday life, even if it seems off-topic at the time they often change the focus of their question to fit what they are seeing they go with a set of questions they want to ask and have answered (All of the Above)

Which project would likely require the assistance of a geomorphologist?

A study of landscape change

An anthropologist who practices participatory-action research would most likely use this method in

A study of low-income neighborhoods where there is a toxic waste dump

Research committed to making social change and improving the lives of marginalized people is called

Action Research

Chronometric dating techniques used by archaeologists help establish

Age of fossil/artifact of a specified time period

. Which locations would you likely find an anthropologist doing fieldwork?

Anywhere

Early anthropologists used the __________ method to establish models of social evolution

Comparative

When archaeologists recover and analyze ancient non-fossilized remains, such as the teeth found in Hoyo Negro, they are most likely to use

DNA analysis

Bronislaw Malinowski developed the ___________ method, which requires the researcher to live with people for years in order to develop the "native's point of view"

Ethnographic

The method linguistic anthropologists use for recording oral poetry, stories, and ritual language is _______.

Ethnopoetics

Anthropologists believe that the "native point of view" is better than their own.

False

If the exact location of a fossil or archaeological artifact is not known it is usually impossible to determine an accurate date for it.

False

Cultural anthropologists use just three methods—interviews, field notes, and participant observation.

False: Many More

Cultural anthropology is one of the most quantitative of the social sciences.

False: Qualitative

Which of the following is the defining methodology for the discipline of anthropology?

Fieldwork

___________ happens under special environmental conditions and can turn hard tissues into stone

Fossilization

Environmental changes make it essential that an archaeologist understand the proximal relationship of __________ and habitation sites.

Fossils/Artifacts

If you wanted to study patterns of kin relations in a community, which method would you use?

Genealogical method

__________ are important for an anthropologist to write down because they reflect his or her private observations, which can also be useful data

Headnotes

In attempting to understand the way that ancient humans actually lived, paleoanthropologists Richard Leakey and writer Roger Lewin described the difficulty involved as being like a

Jigsaw Puzzle

If you wanted to understand very early, non-living human beings, you would likely engage in

Paleoanthropology

The study of ancient plants as a means of reconstructing prehistoric environments is known as __________.

Paleoethnobotany

As a method, the ethnography of speaking draws on the technique of

Participant Observation

___________ is a key element of anthropological fieldwork because it is a systematic research strategy of "just hanging out."

Participant Observation

The use of MtDNA sequencing and the establishment of haplogroups allowed researchers working on the Hoyo Negro project to establish

Similarities to modern Native Americans in Chile & Argentina

If you wanted to have consistent responses, what kind of interview would you use?

Survey

The ability to discover ancient remains and draw inferences about our earliest human ancestors is sometimes helped by

Trace Fossils

A critical reason for taking field notes is that there may be a long lag time between fieldwork and writing and publishing about it.

True

Archaeologists are making a mistake when they clean samples of potsherds for analysis

True: Residue is important

What kind of data do anthropologists gather from doing interviews?

cultural data

Which method would be best when doing a study on the genetic propensity for cancer in a given population?

genealogical method

Cultural anthropologists face an ethical responsibility in their work and so must disclose to informants

reasons for doing the research

Using life history interviews, researchers are able to

understand how a person's age affects his or her role in the community