CH 4 US HISTORY Choice

The Middle Passage was the section of the triangular trade from: A) Africa to America. B) America to Africa. C) Central America to the Caribbean Basin. D) Europe to Africa. E) West Indies to New England.

A) Africa to America.

One of the first written antislavery sentiments was Considerations on The Keeping of Negroes (1754) by A) John Woolman. B) James Edward Oglethorpe. C) William Byrd, II. D) Elizabeth Lucas Pinckney. E) Olaudah Equiano.

A) John Woolman.

The conditions for emergence of African American communities and cultures were: A) On large plantations. B) In frontier areas. C) in port cities. D) Confined to the West Indies. E) on small farms.

A) On large plantations.

Which one of the following is NOT true of the Middle Passage? A) Slaves were treated well to get a higher price. B) Africans were forced to do a bizarre routine of daily aerobic exercises. C) An estimated one in every six Africans perished. D) Holds were usually unsanitary and had a sickening stench. E) Nutrition was deplorable on the journey to the New World.

A) Slaves were treated well to get a higher price.

A typical wealthy southern planter: A) belonged to a powerful social elite. B) owned only as many slaves as he needed. C) lived far away from the coast. D) spent much of his time working his plantation. E) had little connection with other powerful landowners.

A) belonged to a powerful social elite.

During the course of what was known as "the scramble," A) buyers picked slaves for purchase out of a corral. B) slaves competed with one another for the right to be purchased by humane owners. C) enslaved Africans were forced to run to places on the slave ships. D) auctioneers increased buyers' bids on slaves. E) slavers branded the Africans on board ship.

A) buyers picked slaves for purchase out of a corral.

North of the Chesapeake, slaves and free blacks were least likely to be found in: A) fishing fleets. B) dairy operations. C) iron making. D) cattle raising. E) port cities.

A) fishing fleets.

A tropical commodity that did NOT affect European working life was: A) rice. B) coffee. C) tea. D) tobacco. E) sugar.

A) rice.

Brazil, Barbados, Jamaica, Martinique, and St. Dominique all illustrate the connection between slavery and A) sugar. B) rice. C) tobacco. D) cotton. E) wheat.

A) sugar.

In seventeenth and eighteenth century North America, the largest African population concentration was in A) the Lower South. B) the Chesapeake. C) New England. D) Florida. E) Louisiana.

A) the Lower South.

With the many ethnic groups present, this may have first formed the foundation of a common African American culture: A) conversion to Christianity B) music and dance C) fictive kinship D) interest in commerce E) learning English

B) music and dance

The African American song "Buddy Quow" illustrates the: A) need for kinship in their culture. B) powerful awareness of their oppression. C) refitting of religion to New World circumstances. D) plans to organize slave revolts. E) problems of the middle passage.

B) powerful awareness of their oppression

Before the 1730s, the most profitable activity of the early Carolina economy was: A) the growing of rice. B) the Indian slave trade. C) the importation and sale of slaves from the Caribbean. D) the growing of timber and naval stores. E) the export of indigo and tobacco.

B) the Indian slave trade.

In the first half of the eighteenth century, colonists complained little about the mercantilist system because: A) the colonies were economically self-sufficient. B) the colonists benefited from it. C) it did not apply to the colonists. D) the colonial legislatures paid the salaries of enforcement officers. E) there was little interest in manufacturing in the colonies.

B) the colonists benefited from it.

Which one of the following is NOT a reason why slavery replaced the indentured servant system in English America by 1700? A) There was less immigration from Europe. B) The inability to procure indentured servants for long-term labor contracts. C) Fear of rebellion from former indentured servants. D) A decline in African American mortality rates. E) Cultivation of crops such as tobacco.

D) A decline in African American mortality rates.

By 1752 this new colony became part of the low-country slave system: A) Alabama B) Mississippi C) Florida D) Georgia E) Louisiana

D) Georgia

The area of Africa called the Slave Coast centered on this river: A) Ashanti B) Songhai C) Limpopo D) Niger E) Congo

D) Niger

Which one of the following was the LEAST common within the eighteenth century slave community in the colonial South? A` Strong kinship networks. B) Adopting European names. C) the role of religion in the community. D) Relatively stable families. E) The mores of the nuclear family.

D) Relatively stable families.

The absurdly named War of Jenkins' Ear illustrated trading rivalry between Britain and: A) France. B) Brazil. C) the Netherlands. D) Spain. E) its own colonies.

D) Spain.

Both of these events occurred in 1739: A) Georgia and South Carolina established as separate colonies B) Portuguese and Spanish begin slave trade C) Navigation Acts and King Philip's War D) Stono Rebellion and The War of Jenkins' Ear E) Peace of Utrecht and The Molasses Act

D) Stono Rebellion and The War of Jenkins' Ear

The existence of the Casa de Contratacíon and Royal African Company reflected: A) consequences of an unregulated economy. B) efforts to win the international trade war. C) commitment to keep colonies outside of trade. D) an attempt to monopolize the international slave trade. E) international interest in lowering tariffs.

D) an attempt to monopolize the international slave trade.

Most Africans were enslaved: A) by white kidnappers who invaded African territory. B) for committing criminal offenses against the tribe. C) by the Arab states of North Africa. D) by cooperation between European and African traders. E) for violating religious taboos.

D) by cooperation between European and African traders.

The terms Gullah and Geeche show survival of African culture in: A) foods. B) religion. C) styles of clothing. D) language. E) musical instruments.

D) language.

The Spanish turned to the use of Africans for labor on New World plantations because: A) Africans resisted less than natives. B) slave labor was cheaper than Indian labor. C) labor-intensive rice production increased. D) native populations had declined too rapidly to provided needed labor. E) they needed the native population's assistance in their search for gold and silver.

D) native populations had declined too rapidly to provided needed labor.

The hybrid musical culture that emerged from the combination of European and African musical forms was characterized by: A) sounds of the rainforest. B) reed instruments. C) minimal improvisation. D) rhythmic complexity. E) slow, pulsating beat.

D) rhythmic complexity.

In the Peace of Utrecht which ended Queen Anne's War, the Spanish ceded to England the exclusive right to the: A) Indian trade. B) sugar trade. C) triangular trade. D) slave trade. E) fur trade.

D) slave trade.

Eighteenth century slave masters were reluctant to allow their slaves to become Christians because: A) they believed that Christianity was incompatible with African populations. B) they did not want to see Christianity influenced by African religions. C) they feared that Christian teachings would foster violence among the slaves. D) they feared Christianity would give the slaves dangerous ideas about freedom and equality. E) they believed slaves could not understand Christian teachings.

D) they feared Christianity would give the slaves dangerous ideas about freedom and equality.

Thomas Jefferson's beliefs about slaves and slavery were that: A) there were relatively few reasons for a division between whites and blacks. B) slavery was morally acceptable. C) freedom for slaves was the immediate answer to the racial problem. D) white prejudice and black bitterness would maintain racial divisions. E)slaves were equal in every respect to whites.

D) white prejudice and black bitterness would maintain racial divisions.

Most scholars believe that a total of how many slaves went from Africa to the Americas during the slave trade's existence? A) 100 to 120 million B) 500,000 to 1 million C) over 200 million D) 1 to 1.2 million E) 10 to 12 million

E) 10 to 12 million

The peak period of English colonial slave trade was in the: A) 1730s. B) 1750s. C) 1690s. D) 1650s. E) 1770s.

E) 1770s.

Which one of the following is the CORRECT order of these events in the Virginia colony? (1) Interracial sexual contact prohibited (2) First Africans arrive (3) Slave Code established (4) Slavery made hereditary A) 2,1,3,4 B) 4,3,1,2 C) 2,1,4,3 D) 2,3,1,4 E) 2,4,1,3

E) 2,4,1,3

Which one of the following crops was NOT significant in entrenching slavery in the Americas from 1441 to 1770? A) rice B) sugar C) tobacco D) indigo E) cotton

E) Cotton

This circle dance was a widespread West African custom and part of the process of cultural unification of African Americans: A) Ring shout B) marathon dance C) Barracoon D)Scramble E) Patting juba

E) Patting juba

Which one of the following cities is NOT correctly matched to a significant slavery event? A) Elmina/First slave trade area in Georgia B) Newport/Rhode Island slave trade center C) Jamestown/Site of first slaves in Virginia D) Timbuktu/One of the major cities of West Africa and source of slaves E) Stono/South Carolina site of early slave rebellion

E) Stono/South Carolina site of early slave rebellion

Which one of the following is NOT characteristic of the West African societies that many slaves were taken from to the New World? A) sophisticated agricultural methods B) non-Christian religious practices C) polygamous marriage and family system D) elaborate trade networks E) a few large ethnic groups

E) a few large ethnic groups

Contemporary accounts of being enslaved depict: A) examples of masters' cruelty. B) the fears of slaves that they were to be eaten. C) dreadful living conditions on slave ships. D) shocking scenes of enslavement in Africa. E) all of the above.

E) all of the above.

This instrument symbolized the re-creation of African musical instruments in African American music: A) guitar B) psaltery C) trombone D) rum E) banjo

E) banjo

Which colonial export was the LEAST associated with the growth of the Slave Trade in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? A) indio B) tobacco C) rice D) sugar E) fish

E) fish

The most obvious effect of slavery on the economy of the British Empire was seen in the A) beginnings of the Industrial Revolution. B) high unemployment rates of non-slave agricultural workers in the Empire. C) wealth of slaveholders. D) decline of investment in industrial development. E) growth of shipbuilding and shipping.

E) growth of shipbuilding and shipping.

Among the worst of the horrors confronting slaves during the Middle Passage was: A) stories told describing what lay ahead in America. B) slaves were thrown aboard when they became unruly. C) poor food quality. D) seasickness. E) inadequate sanitation and related deadly diseases.

E) inadequate sanitation and related deadly diseases.

Which of the following were "enumerated goods" in the colonial economy? A) grain B) dairy products C) meat D) all of the above E) none of the above

E) none of the above

These two crops were the basis of South Carolina's export wealth in the 1700s: A) indigo/rice B) sugar/cattle C) wheat/wool D) tobacco/sugar E) rice/tobacco.

E) rice/tobacco.

An examination of language patterns, music, and architectural forms in the South suggests that during the eighteenth century A) Africans absorbed little of the white culture in the South. B) little cultural exchange of any kind occurred between African slaves and white southerners. C) white southerners considered their culture superior to that of the Africans. D) white southern culture borrowed little from African culture but the latter was transformed by white culture. E) significant amounts of cultural sharing occurred between Africans and white southerners.

E) significant amounts of cultural sharing occurred between Africans and white southerners.

In the slave culture the African influence in religion was especially evident in: A) mixing into Christian religion. B) death and burial rituals. C) birthing customs. D) baptism ceremonies. E) singing psalms and hymns.

E) singing psalms and hymns.

About half of the slaves imported to the New World between 1701 and 1810 were delivered to: A) Mexico. B) the British colonies of North America. C) Hudson's Bay. D) Brazil. E) the Caribbean Basin.

E) the Caribbean Basin.

Locations such as Madeira, Barbados, Jamaica and Haiti illustrate the commercial connection between slavery and: A) sugar. B) indigo. C) tobacco. D) rice. E) cotton.

B) indigo.

An examination of slavery in Florida and New Mexico indicates that: A) few Africans were brought to Spanish America. B) local conditions determined its character. C) the harshest form of slavery existed in the more isolated regions of Spanish America. D) Indian slavery rarely existed. E) slavery was absent from southern Florida and all of New Mexico.

B) local conditions determined its character.

Which one of the following was NOT one of the trade items that went from the New World to the European section of the trade triangle? A) sugar and tobacco B) manufactured goods C) gold and silver D) raw materials. E) indigo and wool

B) manufactured goods

King George's War took place between: A) 1662-1670. B) 1740-1748. C) 1721-1728. D) 1702-1713. E) 1753-1760.

B) 1740-1748.

In 1699 the Spanish declared this area a refuge for escaped slaves: A) Hispaniola B) Florida C) Texas D) Cuba E) New Mexico

B) Florida

The French founded bases or colonies at all of the following except: A) New Orleans. B) Natchez. C) Biloxi. D) Mobile. E)Louisiana.

B) Natchez.

Which one of the following is NOT an area of Africa from which most enslaved people came? A) Lower Niger River B) South Africa C) Ivory Coast and Ghana D) West Africa E) Congo and Angola

B) South Africa

In an effort to restrict the colonists' opportunity to compete economically with the mother country, England enacted all of the following EXCEPT a: A) limitation on colonial iron manufacturing. B) colonial banking system. C) requirement that imported molasses be taxed at a higher rate than molasses purchased from the English Caribbean colonies. D) prohibition on colonial coinage. E) restriction against colonial tariffs on British imported goods.

B) colonial banking system.

In colonial times, slaves in coastal Georgia: A) were a minority of the population. B) created dialects that allowed interethnic communication. C) frequently rebelled against their enslavement. D) were renowned for their health. E) established lasting institutions.

B) created dialects that allowed interethnic communication.

Mulattoes were: A) Africans who could gain freedom by baptism up to 1667. B) free people of mixed Indian, African and European ancestry. C) children who inherited their mother's slave status. D) children of French and African ancestry. E) children born out of wedlock in colonial America.

B) free people of mixed Indian, African and European ancestry.

A 1662 Virginia law holds that slavery is: A) an indenture that could be worked off. B) hereditary. C) not applicable to Christian concerns. D) temporary. E) subject to colonial regulation.

B) hereditary.

The term "Middle Passage" refers to the: A) regulations of mercantilism on the Atlantic. B) horrendous slave voyages from Africa to America. C) transport of slaves from the West Indies to the American South. D) English search for a water route through North America. E) sugar to rum transition from the West Indies to New England.

B) horrendous slave voyages from Africa to America.

Which one of the following was NOT a result of the African slave trade? A) The population of Africa went into decline. B) The West African economy stagnated. C) African interior kingdoms grew stronger. D) Cultural demoralization developed. E) The trade was banned in Virginia as early as 1625.

C) African interior kingdoms grew stronger.

These areas of the Americas had the greatest concentration of African Americans as percentage of the population in the 1600s and 1700s: A) Louisiana and Florida B) Brazil and Peru C) Caribbean and Lower South D) Delaware and Maryland E) Mexico and New Mexico

C) Caribbean and Lower South

This English colony of 1732 was created as a buffer against Spanish invasion: A) Mississippi B) Florida C) Georgia D) Alabama E) Louisiana

C) Georgia

Which one has the least in common with the others? A) Maroons B) Creoles C) Indians D) Barracoons E) Mulattoes

C) Indians

This rebellion in September 1739 was the largest slave revolt of the colonial period: A) Richmond, Virginia B) New York City, New York C) Stono, South Carolina D) Newport, Rhode Island E) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

C) Stono, South Carolina

The term Creole is most closely related to: A) Mulatto. B) Mustee. C) country born. D) salt water born. E) Spanish and Indian mixture.

C) country born.

The Navigation Acts passed between 1660 and 1696: A) encouraged colonial manufacturing. B) consolidated the English colonies into one centralized trading unit. C) defined the role colonies would play within the future British empire. D) forbade customs collectors from going into warehouses to look for smuggled goods. E) opened trade within the future British empire to any nation.

C) defined the role colonies would play within the future British empire.

In slave areas, traditional African cultural customs: A) were rapidly discarded by slaves in America. B) were maintained by their masters. C) expressed slaves' awareness of their oppression. D) saw a gradual convergence with those of whites. E) were adopted by nearby whites.

C) expressed slaves' awareness of their oppression.

The effect of mercantilism on warfare was to: A) minimize intertribal warfare. B) reduce the likelihood of war as nations concentrated on commercial activities. C) maximize it through trade rivalries. D) stabilize it through economic cooperation. E) condemn it as damaging to international economies.

C) maximize it through trade rivalries.

In the mid-eighteenth century Chesapeake region: A) interracial intimacy was encouraged. B) free mulattoes were given the rights of all free individuals. C) the children of European women and African men were given freedom. D) the children of European men and African women were given freedom. E) There were no free mulattoes.

C) the children of European women and African men were given freedom.

The essence of the European theory of mercantilism was the belief that: A) the merchant class should be allowed to grow and prosper in a free-market economy. B) slavery was the preferred trading base for economic activity. C) the state should exert political control of the economy. D) governments should not attempt to regulate their economies. E) colonies were detrimental to the economic well being of a nation.

C) the state should exert political control of the economy.

In their trade, the colonists depended on: A) skins. B) furs. C) tobacco. D) foreign hard currency. E) all of the above.

C) tobacco.

Until the fifteenth century, trade in slaves in Europe: A) was confined to northern and eastern Europe. B) was everywhere accepted as compatible with Christianity. C) was a lucrative business. D) was an established and well-accepted institution. E) was unknown.

C) was a lucrative business.