Ch 4 WHistory
Who established a port at Goa and helped establish Portuguese control of the spice trade?
Afonso de Albuquerque
Why did the Catholic ministries brought native Americans in missions?
To christanize or convert them
Why did the Dutch form the West India Company?
To search for new sources of wealth and trade opportunities
Who was Marco Polo, and why was he important?
Traveled from Venice to the Chinese court of Kublai Khan in the late thirteenth century. The book he wrote about his journey increased European interest in Asia.
Who settled the Americas and challenged financial control of Spanish and Portuguese?
Dutch, French, and English
How many Africans were enslaved?
10 million
According to mercantilism what did the prosperity of a nation depend on?
A large supply of gold and silver(bullion)
Who were two important explorers for Spain, and what did they accomplish?
Columbus reached all the major Caribbean islands and Central America. Ma-gellan is remembered for being the first to sail completely around the globe.
What growth was a key step in the development of a world economy?
European colonial expansion creased trade
Who were Creoles
Europeans born in Latin America
What did Europeans hope to accomplish on their voyages?
Europeans hoped to expand trade for spices, which yielded large profits; to find precious metals; and to convert any people they encountered to Christianity.
When the balance of trade between what a nation imports and what it exports is favorable, which has greater value?
Exports
Why were colonies important?
For sources of raw materials and as markets for exports of manufactured goods.
Who was a Spanish explorer who established a new capital at Lima after the conquest of the Inca in Peru.
Francisco Pizarro
Europeans first bought enslaved people from African merchants in return for?
Gold and other goods
Portuguese and Spanish monarchies appointed who to help govern their colonies in Latin America?
Governor generals or viceroys
Where in North America did the French and the English settle?
In an area that is now part of Canada and in Louisiana
How did European exploration affect European nations politically and economically?
It led to significant economic and political growth
How did potatoes spurred population growth?
It yielded more food per acre than other crops
What system authorities could draft native peoples to work in silver mines?
Mita
How were the explorers able to travel such great distances?
New, faster ships called caravels, advances in mapmaking (cartography), use of the astrolabe and the magnetic compass, and knowledge of wind patterns
What could women now become?
Nuns
Who invented caravels and was one of the first to explore other lands?
Portuguese
Who were the highest social class and maintained power in colonial Latin America?
Spanish and Portuguese officials born in Europe
Why was encomienda a failure?
Spanish landowners forced Native Americans to pay taxes and provide labor. Native Amerians were often abused instead of being protected by settlers.
What factors helped Cortés defeat the Aztec?
Spanish weapons, native peoples as allies, and European diseases
What were social classes in colonial Latin America based on?
Status
What did many plantations in the 1500s grow?
Sugar cane
Who dominated the spice trade in the 17th century?
The Dutch
Who established trading ports and forts in India?
The English and French
Slavery was accepted in Europe until
The Quakers (also known as Society of Friends) condemned it in the 1770s
Where did Bartolomeu Dias reach?
The cape of good hope
What did new food crops supported?
The growth of population and changed people's tastes.
How did European expansion create the first global economic system?
ideas that led to a world economy,the Columbian Ex-change; the spread of European diseases to native peoples; the theory of mercantilism that encouraged colonial expansion.
Where did Vasco De Gama sail?
around the tip of Africa to reach India (was very profitable because he returned with valuable cargo of spices)
How did the Portuguese and Spanish increase their wealth?
by removing natural resources like gold and silver from Latin American land